Reliability, Maintainability, and Safety
Within the last 20 years, digital automation has increasingly taken over manual control functions in manufacturing plants, as well as in products. With this shift, reliability, maintainability, and safety responsibilities formerly delegated to skilled hum
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Reliability, M
42. Reliability, Maintainability, and Safety
Gérard Morel, Jean-François Pétin, Timothy L. Johnson
Industrial automation systems are intensively embedding infotronics and mechatronics technology (IMT) in order to fulfil complex applications required by the increasing customization of both services and goods [42.2–6]. The resulting behavior of these IMTbased automation systems is shifting system dependability responsibility [42.7] from the human operator to the automation software. Management, engineering, and maintenance personnel have a primary responsibility to assure reliability [42.8, 9], maintainability, and safety of all automated systems, and manufacturing systems in particular. Therefore, safety, reliability, and availability as performance attributes to access the dependability of a system are threatened by a rapid growth in software
42.1 Definitions ........................................... 736 42.2 RMS Engineering .................................. 738 42.2.1 Predictive RMS Assessment ............ 738 42.2.2 Towards a Safe Engineering Process for RMS ....................................... 739 42.3 Operational Organization and Architecture for RMS ....................... 42.3.1 Integrated Control and Monitoring Systems................ 42.3.2 Integrated Control, Maintenance, and Technical Management Systems ...................................... 42.3.3 Remote and e-Maintenance .......... 42.3.4 Industrial Applications ..................
741 741
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42.4 Challenges, Trends, and Open Issues ...... 745 References .................................................. 746
systems at the enterprise level is also provided. Finally, recent research trends, such as automated verification, are cited, and many citations from the extensive literature on this topic are provided.
Complexity growth with availability decline Normalized value 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 Availability Hardware reliability 0.8 Software complexity 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Year
Fig. 42.1 Growth of software complexity and its impact on system availability (after [42.1])
Part E 42
Within the last 20 years, digital automation has increasingly taken over manual control functions in manufacturing plants, as well as in products. With this shift, reliability, maintainability, and safety responsibilities formerly delegated to skilled human operators have increasingly shifted to automation systems that now close the loop. In order to design highly dependable automation systems, the original concept of design for reliability has been refined and greatly expanded to include new engineering concepts such as availability, safety, maintainability, and survivability. Technical definitions for these terms are provided in this chapter, as well as an overview of engineering methods that have been used to achieve these properties. Current standards and industrial practice in the design of dependable systems are noted. The integration of dependable automation systems in multilevel architectures has also evolved greatly, and new concepts of c
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