REM sleep deprivation induces changes of Down Regulatory Antagonist Modulator (DREAM) expression in the ventrobasal thal
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ORIGINAL PAPER
REM sleep deprivation induces changes of Down Regulatory Antagonist Modulator (DREAM) expression in the ventrobasal thalamic nuclei of Sprague–Dawley rats Rosfaiizah Siran & Asma Hayati Ahmad & Che Badariah Abdul Aziz & Zalina Ismail
Received: 3 February 2014 / Accepted: 2 September 2014 / Published online: 15 September 2014 # University of Navarra 2014
Abstract REM sleep is a crucial component of sleep. Animal studies indicate that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation elicits changes in gene expression. Downregulatory antagonist modulator (DREAM) is a protein which downregulates other gene transcriptions by binding to the downstream response element site. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of REM sleep deprivation on DREAM expression in ventrobasal thalamic nuclei (VB) of rats. Seventy-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four major groups consisting of free-moving control rats (FMC) (n=18), 72-h REM sleep-deprived rats (REMsd) (n= 18), 72-h REM sleep-deprived rats with 72-h sleep recovery (RG) (n=18), and tank control rats (TC) (n= 18). REM sleep deprivation was elicited using the inverted flower pot technique. DREAM expression R. Siran Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sg Buloh 42700 Selangor, Malaysia R. Siran (*) Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40000 Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] A. H. Ahmad : C. B. Abdul Aziz Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia Z. Ismail BRAINetwork Centre for Neurocognitive Science, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
was examined in VB by immunohistochemical, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) studies. The DREAMpositive neuronal cells (DPN) were decreased bilaterally in the VB of rats deprived of REM sleep as well as after sleep recovery. The nuclear DREAM extractions were increased bilaterally in animals deprived of REM sleep. The DREAM messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were decreased after sleep recovery. The results demonstrated a link between DREAM expression and REM sleep deprivation as well as sleep recovery which may indicate potential involvement of DREAM in REM sleepinduced changes in gene expression, specifically in nociceptive processing. Keywords REM sleep . Ventrobasal thalamic nucleus . DREAM . Gene expression . Nociception . REM sleep deprivation
Introduction Sleep is one of the basic characteristics of all living organisms. In mammals, in addition to conserving energy, sleep is involved in cell functioning by altering gene expression [9, 10, 46], facilitating neurogenesis [15, 16], enhancing brain protein synthesis [44] and protecting against oxidative stress [12]. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a crucial component of sleep. The importance of REM sleep in animal functions is reflected by REM sleep deprivation-induced morbidities show
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