Remediation of Chromium (VI) and Rhodamine 6G via Mixed Phase Nickel-Zinc Nanocomposite: Synthesis and Characterization
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Remediation of Chromium (VI) and Rhodamine 6G via Mixed Phase Nickel‑Zinc Nanocomposite: Synthesis and Characterization Sabeena Shoukat1 · Sirajul Haq2 · Wajid Rehman1 · Muhammad Waseem3 · Muhammad Hafeez2 · Salah Ud Din2 · Zain‑ul‑Abdin2 · Pervaiz Ahmad3 · Mahfooz Ur Rehman1 · Amreen Shah4 · Basharat Khan1 Received: 22 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The mixed phase Nickel-Zinc Nanocomposite (NiZn-NC) was synthesized via microemulsion method using Tween-80 as an emulsifying agent. The Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) and Barrett, Joyner, Halenda (BJH) methods were utilized to measure the surface area (53.84 m2/g) and pore size (1.9 nm) respectively. The crystallographic aspects were analyzed through X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the derived average crystallite size was 24.78 nm. The surface structure was explored via scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) whereas the elemental composition was analyzed through energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic investigation was made to identify chemical moieties. The batch process was followed for the sorption of Cr(VI) ions under the influence of initial electrolyte concentration, temperature and pH. A sets of mathematical equations were utilized to explore mechanism, theoretical modelling and thermodynamic behavior of the adsorption process. The simulated solar light driven degradation of rhodamine 6G (Rh-6G) was examined in the presence and absence of NiZn-NC. The study reveals that 92.86% of Rh-6G was degraded with degradation rate of 0.0063 min−1 in 390 min. Keywords Microemulsion · Nanocomposite: nickel-zinc · Modelling · Photocatalysis
1 Introduction The discharge of heavy metal and organic dyes to aquatic environment are serious threat for human health as well as for aquatic species. The heavy metal released to water from cement, glass, ceramic, mining, battery manufacturing and plastic industries are causing chronic health issues like kidney diseases, cancer of gastro intestinal tract and failure of nervous system [1]. Among heavy metal, chromium in hexavalent form is most stable and more hazardous than trivalent chromium and has strong oxidizing property. The * Sirajul Haq [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
3
Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
4
Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
hexavalent chromium being soluble in water combine with oxygen to form chromate, dichromate and hydrogen chromate in different pH which are more perilous [2]. The hexavalent chromium is carcinogenic and mutagen, it affect gastro intestine and also reduces RBC in blood [3]. Similarly, the textile industries are major source of organic effluent release to water and have toxic effect on aquatic
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