Removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite-encapsulated zinc ferrite (HAP/ZnFe 2 O 4 ) nanocomposite
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite-encapsulated zinc ferrite (HAP/ZnFe2O4) nanocomposite: kinetics and isotherm study Krishna Chandra Das 1,2
&
Siddhartha S Dhar 1
Received: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, HAP/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite has been synthesized in two simple steps. The different characterization techniques confirm the fabrication of HAP/ZnFe2O4 magnetic binary nanocomposite. The composite was successfully applied as nanoadsorbent for the elimination of Cd(II) ions from its aqueous solution. The composite was able to remove 89.6% of Cd(II) ions under optimum experimental conditions. The equilibrium sorption data were very much in agreement with the Freundlich adsorption model, and the maximum sorption capacity was recorded to be 120.33 mg/g. Kinetic data of the cadmium ion removal was well concurrent with the pseudo-second-order kinetics rate model. This magnetic HAP/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite can be applied as an environmentally friendly, low-cost, productive sorbent for the evacuation of Cd(II) ions from wastewater in light of its high sorption capacity. Keywords HAP/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite . Cd(II)ions . Pseudo-second-order . High adsorption capacity
Introduction Nowadays, both surface and underground water are contaminated due to rapid industrialization and modernization of lifestyle. Various organic hazardous dyes and heavy metals are held responsible for this contamination. Among the various heavy metals, Cd(II) is one of the most poisonous overwhelming metals to the environment and humans because of its long biological half-life (Waalkes 2000). Cadmium entered into the environment from various sources such as pigments, alloys, batteries (nickel-cadmium batteries), metal plating, and phosphate fertilizers (LAMBERT et al. 2007; Kumar and Chawla 2013). Cadmium enters into the human body through inward breath, ingestion, or absorption by the skin and severely Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Krishna Chandra Das [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
affects human organs (Ehrampoush et al. 2015). Cadmium causes both short-term effect and long-term effect on human beings. Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, dry mouth, convulsions, muscle cramps, dry mouth, impaired senses, liver damage, stun and renal deformities, effects on the lung and the cardiovascular framework, liver, and sensory system are the shortterm effects of the exposure of cadmium (Ehrampoush et al. 2015). While the accumulation of cadmium on different human organs such as pancreas liver, intestines, placenta, and lungs is the long-term effect (Fowler 2009; Järup and Åkesson 2009). The WHO recommended a maximum permissible limit of 10 μg/L cadmium ion in all the sources of drinking water (World Health Organization 2004). Therefore, the removal of cadmium from the wastewate
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