Removal of Pb 2+ from aqueous solution by adsorption on chemically modified muskmelon peel
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by adsorption on chemically modified muskmelon peel Kai Huang & Hongmin Zhu
Received: 26 October 2012 / Accepted: 21 November 2012 / Published online: 5 December 2012 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Abstract A cost-effective biosorbent was prepared by a green chemical modification process from muskmelon peel by saponification with alkaline solution of Ca(OH)2. Its adsorption behavior for lead ions was investigated and found to exhibit excellent adsorption properties. Results showed that the optimal equilibrium pH range for 100 % adsorption is from 4 up to 6.4. Adsorption equilibrium was attained within 10 min. The adsorption process can be described well by Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics equation, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for lead ions was found to be 0.81 mol/kg. Pectic acid contained in the muskmelon peel is the main factor responsible for the uptake of lead ions onto the gel, and the chemical modification process presented in this study can be assumed effective to prepare other similar biomaterials. The large adsorption capacity and the fast adsorption rate indicated that chemically saponified muskmelon peel gel in present study has great potential to be used as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of lead ions from the water. Keywords Muskmelon peel . Pectic acid . Adsorption . Lead ions . Saponification
Introduction With the fast industrialization of modern society, the events of uncontrollable release of various toxic effluents into the environment occur frequently, causing serious disasters to the Responsible editor: Vinod Kumar Gupta K. Huang (*) : H. Zhu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrous Metallurgy, and School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China e-mail: [email protected]
mankind. Lead, as one of the typical heavy metals, even at its very low concentration, may bring substantial threat to human health through the food chains (Goodyear and McNeill 1999; Dubey and Shiwani 2012; Saleh and Gupta 2012a). The following industrial fields may produce the leadbearing wastes, such as lead acid storage battery (Chen and Hu 2010; Genaidy 2008), solders (Luo et al. 2012), painting (Borgia et al. 2007), pigments (Sotiropoulou et al. 2010), pesticides (Johnson and Atchison 2009), lead smelting slag and mine tailings (Petrosyan et al. 2004). Lead can cause severe damage to the kidney, liver, brain, nervous system, and reproductive system even at ppm levels (Yu et al. 2012; Jan et al. 2011). Considering its extensive pollution and toxicity, from the December of 2013, a more strict permitted maximum concentration of Pb(II) in the drinking water will be executed in many developed countries, which is less than 0.01 mg dm−3 suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Sublet et al. 2003). Focusing on the treatment of lead-bearing water, many scientists have been drawn to study this area (
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