Biosorptive removal of nitrophenol from aqueous solution using ZnCl 2 -modified groundnut shell: optimization, equilibri
- PDF / 2,126,845 Bytes
- 18 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 92 Downloads / 251 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Biosorptive removal of nitrophenol from aqueous solution using ZnCl2‑modified groundnut shell: optimization, equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies A. R. Amole1,2 · D. O. Araromi1,3 · A. O. Alade1,2,3 · T. J. Afolabi1,2 · V. A. Adeyi1,2 Received: 24 April 2020 / Revised: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract This study investigated the viability of using waste groundnut shells (GSs) to produce efficient biosorbent capable of removing nitrophenol from aqueous solution. Waste GSs were washed thoroughly, dried, reduced to 2 mm particle size, and activated with ZnCl2. The surface and physical properties (moisture and ash content) of the activated GSs (AGSB) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and standard methods. Biosorption of nitrophenol was optimized using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Analysis of the optimization processes was carried out using statistical tools embedded in the Design Expert software (10.0.1). Batch biosorption was conducted to generate data to determine suitable adsorption isotherm models, adsorption kinetics models, and adsorption thermodynamics. The FTIR spectra of AGSB indicate a major shift in the functional groups after the activation process. The moisture and ash content of AGSB were 9.0% and 3.1%, respectively. The optimum adsorption capacity (AC) and removal efficiency (RE) obtained at 20 mg/L, 80 min, and 1.6 g were 7.888 mg/g and 90.62%, respectively. The AC and RE were well suited to quadratic models with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9853 and 0.9914, respectively. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models with R2 of 0.999 and 0.9843 were most suitable. The enthalpy, entropy, and Gibb’s free energy were in the ranges m − 20.46 to − 4.36, 20.14 to 86.17, and − 21.49 to − 5.02 kJ/mol, respectively. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of AGSB as biosorbent for wastewater treatment, thus facilitating the conversion of solid wastes for the amendment of nitrophenol concentration in the wastewater stream. Keywords Biosorption · Nitrophenol · Box–Behnken design · Groundnut shell
Introduction Nitrophenol compounds are common industrial toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in the effluent of various industries such as oil refineries, plastics, textile, rubber processing plants, pesticide production coal gasification operations, a liquefaction process, resin manufacturing Editorial responsibility: Gaurav Sharma. * A. O. Alade [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
2
Bioenvironmental, Water and Engineering Research Group, (BWERG), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
3
Science and Engineering Research Group, (SEARG), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
industries, dye synthesis units, pulp, and paper mills among others (Wang et al. 2007; Anjali et al. 2013). The presence of nitrophenol, even at low concentra
Data Loading...
