Removal of Synthetic Dye by Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae as Natural Adsorbent
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Removal of Synthetic Dye by Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae as Natural Adsorbent Jian Yean Chin1 · Lee Muei Chng1 · Sim Siong Leong1 · Swee Pin Yeap2 · Nur Hidayah Mat Yasin3 · Pey Yi Toh1 Received: 16 June 2019 / Accepted: 19 April 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Owing to its abundant availability in the nature, microalgae can be served as a potential natural sorbent for water remediation. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris (a species of microalgae) was used to remove two synthetic dyes (i.e. positively charged methylene blue and negatively charged acid orange 7) from water. Results showed that the C. vulgaris able to remove methylene blue by surface adsorption through electrostatic interaction. Nevertheless, poor or even no removal was attained for acid orange 7. Apparently, the adsorption of dye on the C. vulgaris is oriented by the surface charge effect. In the case of methylene blue, the highest removal efficiency was attained at 100 mg/L initial dye concentration, whereby 83.04 ± 2.94% of removal was recorded after 3 days of adsorption. Additionally, the removal mechanism was found to fit better into the Freundlich isotherm which indicates the presence of the multilayer adsorption in this experiment. Biochemical composition of the C. vulgaris was studied after dye removal in order to investigate the effect of dye adsorption on the quality of microalgal biomass and the potential by-products produced from the microalgal biomass. Result showed that the total carbohydrates and total chlorophyll were at the highest amount after 1 week of the adsorption process. Here, the concentration of both total carbohydrates and total chlorophyll was 46.65 ± 2.6 mg/L and 247.31 ± 17.88 mg/L, respectively. Keywords Microalgae · Dye removal · Natural adsorbent · Electrostatic interaction · Biomass quality
1 Introduction Over the last century, the tremendous growth of textile production industry has caused severe water pollution that subsequently exerts detrimental impact on the aquatic ecosystem [1]. The water pollution originated from textile industry is mainly attributed to the dye in the wastewater discharged to the surroundings. Since dye is the essential element that is indispensable in the production of textile art, it usually appears as one of the major components in the wastewater discharged by the textile industry and is extremely harmful to the environment. In fact, World Bank has predicted
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Pey Yi Toh [email protected]; [email protected]
1
Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
that about 17–20% of industrial water pollution problem are originated from the process o
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