Removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater by adsorption onto Ethiopian low-cost Odaracha adsorbent
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater by adsorption onto Ethiopian low‑cost Odaracha adsorbent Yohanis Birhanu1 · Seyoum Leta2 · Getachew Adam3 Received: 24 February 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Nowadays, Cr-loaded wastewater released from industrial activities pose an increasing risk to human health and the environment. Adsorption processes have been widely used for the removal of chromium from the waste stream. In this regard, natural adsorbents are the most preferable and cost-effective methods. In this study, the efficiency of Odaracha adsorbent as a novel green technology in the removal of chromium from synthetic wastewater is analyzed. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration of adsorbate on Cr removal. The surface morphology of Odaracha adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Experimental results showed that Odaracha adsorbent could perform effectively in a wide range of experimental conditions. However, in optimum experimental conditions, such as 180min contact time, pH 3, and 15 g/L of adsorbent dose Odaracha adsorbent removes 94.68% of Cr from an aqueous solution having 110 mg/L of Cr concentration. Keywords Odaracha · Synthetic wastewater · Chromium · Adsorption
Introduction Metals are ubiquitous in the environment because of their wide application (Ajmani et al. 2019b). They are present in the solid phase and solution, as free ions, or adsorbed to colloidal soil particles. From these metals, hexavalent chromium has no known vital or beneficial effect on organisms, even for bacterial cells, and its accumulation over time in organisms can cause serious illness even at low concentration. According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, the allowable concentration of Cr (VI) in drinking water is 50 ppb (Jiang et al. 2013). However, humans could be exposed to higher-level chromium * Yohanis Birhanu [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
2
Center of Environmental Science, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
3
Department of Industrial Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Sustainable Energy, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
contamination through food or drinking water. Industries such as leather tanning, steel fabrication, metal finishing, and other industrial sources related to wood preservation are the major causes of this contamination (Eliku and Leta 2018). The human health effects of hexavalent chromium exposure are respiratory irritation, dermatitis, lung cancer, kidney, and liver damage (Ofudje et al. 2014; Jiang et al. 2013). Therefore, the removal of Cr would be necessary to improve the quality of water and the life of humanity. In line with minimizing t
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