Reorganized Motor Control Due to Muscle Pain
It has become evident that muscle pain interferes with motor control strategies, and different patterns of interaction are reported during rest, static contractions, and dynamic conditions. A reorganized motor control system with functional adaptations of
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Reorganized Motor Control Due to Muscle Pain Thomas Graven-Nielsen and Lars Arendt-Nielsen
Contents 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 7.2 Relevant Pain Modalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 7.3 Pain–Motor Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 7.4 Resting Muscle Activity and Muscle Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 7.5 Static Muscle Activity and Muscle Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 7.6 Dynamic Muscle Activity and Muscle Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 7.7 Motor Neuronal Excitability During Muscle Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 7.8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Abstract It has become evident that muscle pain interferes with motor control strategies, and different patterns of interaction are reported during rest, static contractions, and dynamic conditions. A reorganized motor control system with functional adaptations of the muscle coordination and strategies is a key factor in musculoskeletal pain conditions; its relevance in the transition from acute pain to chronic pain is most likely underestimated. The interaction between muscle pain and motor control depends on the specific motor task. Muscle pain causes no increase in muscle activity assessed by electromyography at rest, reduces maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) levels, and shortens endurance time during submaximal contractions. Moreover, muscle pain causes an adaptive change in the T. Graven-Nielsen (*) Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-3, DK-9220, Aalborg E, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] L. Arendt-Nielsen Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Bld. D3 DK-9220, Aalborg E, Denmark e-mail: [email protected]
S. Mense and R.D. Gerwin (eds.), Muscle Pain: Understanding the Mechanisms, DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-85021-2_7, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010
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coordination during dynamic exercises. In some cases, increased muscle activity reflecting reorganize
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