Resolution of inflammation as a novel chemopreventive strategy
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REVIEW
Resolution of inflammation as a novel chemopreventive strategy Ha-Na Lee & Hye-Kyung Na & Young-Joon Surh
Received: 8 December 2012 / Accepted: 14 January 2013 / Published online: 31 January 2013 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Acute inflammation, a physiologic response to protect cells from microbial infection and other noxious stimuli, is automatically terminated by endogenous antiinflammatory and pro-resolving mediators to restore homeostatic conditions. However, if timely resolution of inflammation is failed, inflammation persists and can progress to a chronic inflammation which has long been thought as a predisposing factor to carcinogenesis. Excessive and pathologic inflammation causes DNA damage, genomic instability, epigenetic dysregulation, and alteration of intracellular signaling, all of which are involved in neoplastic transformation. To prevent chronic inflammation and resulting inflammation-promoted cancer development, understanding the process that resolves inflammation is essential. Resolution of inflammation is an active coordinated process regulated by distinct anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving endogenous lipid mediators, such as resolvins and lipoxins. This article is a contribution to the special issue on Inflammation and Cancer - Guest Editor: Takuji Tanaka H.-N. Lee : Y.-J. Surh Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea H.-K. Na Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 136-742, South Korea Y.-J. Surh WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea Y.-J. Surh (*) Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, South Korea e-mail: [email protected]
The role of pro-inflammatory signaling in carcinogenesis has become more and more evident and well characterized, but the potential role of pro-resolving mediators in cancer prevention remains still elusive. In searching for an efficacious way to prevent chronic inflammation-associated cancer, the pro-resolving signal transduction pathways and their regulators should be unraveled. Keywords Cancer . Chemoprevention . Inflammation-associated carcinogenesis . Lipid mediators . Lipid mediator class switching . Prostaglandins . Resolution of inflammation . Resolvins
Introduction Acute inflammation is an active process by which organisms eliminate or neutralize infectious agents invading the cell as part of the front line of the host defence mechanism. Acute inflammation normally resolves before expanded too far to control. Failure of resolution of inflammation can lead to chronic inflammation which is often linked to pathogenesis of several prevalent disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, periodontal disease, and diabetes [1]. Since Rudolf Virchow found the presence
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