Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China
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Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China Zhao Ni & Eli R. Lebowitz & Zhijie Zou & Honghong Wang & Huaping Liu & Roman Shrestha & Qing Zhang & Jianwei Hu & Shuying Yang & Lei Xu & Jianjun Wu & Frederick L. Altice
Accepted: 10 November 2020 # The New York Academy of Medicine 2020
Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak in China was devastating and spread throughout the country before being contained. Stringent physical distancing recommendations and shelter-in-place were first introduced in the hardest-hit provinces, and by March, these recommendations were uniform throughout the country. In the presence of an evolving and deadly pandemic, we sought to investigate the impact of this pandemic on individual well-being and prevention practices among Chinese urban residents. From March 2–11, 2020, 4607 individuals were recruited from 11 provinces with varying numbers of COVID-19 cases using the social networking app WeChat to complete a brief, anonymous, online survey. The analytical sample was restricted to Z. Ni (*) : E. R. Lebowitz : R. Shrestha : F. L. Altice School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA e-mail: [email protected]
2551 urban residents. Standardized scales measured generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the primary outcome. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates of GAD alongside assessment of community practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the recommended public health practices significantly (p < 0.001) increased, including wearing facial mask, practicing physical distancing, handwashing, decreased public spitting, and going outside in urban communities. Overall, 40.3% of participants met screening criteria for GAD and 49.3%, 62.6%, and 55.4% reported that their work, social life, and family life were interrupted by anxious feelings, respectively. Independent correlates of J. Hu College of Nursing, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Z. Zou (*) : Q. Zhang School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China e-mail: [email protected]
S. Yang Hohhot Vocational College, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
H. Wang Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
J. Wu Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
L. Xu School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
H. Liu School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
F. L. Altice West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
R. Shrestha Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, & Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
F. L. Altice School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Ni et al.
having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR = 1.58, p < 0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR = 2.13, p < 0.01), having completed college (aOR = 1.38, p = 0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR = 6.
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