Rethinking the Three R's in Animal Research Replacement, Reduction,
This work challenges the current reliance on "The Three R's" or Replacement, Reduction and Refinement which direct most animal research in the behavioral sciences. The author argues that these principles that were developed in the 1950's to guid
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Jan Lauwereyns
Rethinking the Three R’s in Animal Research
Jan Lauwereyns
Rethinking the Three R’s in Animal Research Replacement, Reduction, Refinement
Jan Lauwereyns Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
ISBN 978-3-319-89299-3 ISBN 978-3-319-89300-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89300-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018938322 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: © Bitboxx.com Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Pivot imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
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Contents
1 Introduction 1 1.1 Building on the Legacy of Russell and Burch (1959/1992) 2 1.2 Four Movements to the Argument 3 1.3 Full Disclosure 5 References 8 2 Concept Fatigue with the Three R’s 9 2.1 The Original Work by Russell and Burch (1959/1992) in Context 11 2.1.1 On the Removal of Inhumanity 11 2.1.2 Humane Versus Speciesist 13 2.1.3 The Actual Definitions 15 2.2 Changing Perspectives on the Use of Animals 19 2.2.1 No Magic Dust 19 2.2.2 For the Animal’s Sake 24 2.2.3 The Monkey Eye-Movement Paradigm Then and Now 31 References 37 3 A Mismatch Between Micro-motives and Macro-behavior 41 3.1 Analyzing Aggregate Behavior 46 3.1.1 Three Classic Examples of Micro-Macro Conflict 46 3.1.2 Applying the Micro-Macro Analysis to Animal Research 50 vii
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Contents
3.2 The Principles of Reasonable Experimental Inquiry 3.2.1 On the Valuation of Research 3.2.2 The Preferred Animal Model 3.2.3 New Definitions References
60 61 63 67 68
4 The Monkey Question 71 4.1 A Critique of Arguments 74 4.1.1 The Past Is Not Always a Good Model for the Future 76 4.1.2 Misleading Claims of Necessity 77 4.1.3 An Erroneous Prefe
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