RETRACTED ARTICLE: Associations of IL-8 gene polymorphisms and IL-8 levels with predisposition to age-related macular de
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REVIEW
Associations of IL‑8 gene polymorphisms and IL‑8 levels with predisposition to age‑related macular degeneration: a meta‑analysis Jianhui Liu1 · Zhiqing Tian1 · Jinhui Li1 · Guangming Zhao2 Received: 2 December 2019 / Accepted: 30 January 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose Interleukin-8 (IL-8) might influence predisposition to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but the results of related studies were still controversial and ambiguous. The authors designed this meta-analysis to more precisely estimate the relationships between IL-8 gene polymorphisms, IL-8 levels, and predisposition to AMD. Methods Meta-analyses of studies that investigated IL-8 gene polymorphisms and IL-8 levels in patients with AMD and controls were performed. Results The pooled meta-analyses result showed that IL-8 +781 C/T (rs2227306) polymorphism was significantly associated with predisposition to AMD and wet AMD, but no such significant association was detected for IL-8 −251 A/T (rs4073) polymorphism. In parallel, we also found that patients with AMD or wet AMD had elevated IL-8 levels compared to controls. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that IL-8 +781 C/T polymorphism affects predisposition to AMD and wet AMD. Moreover, patients with AMD and wet AMD also have elevated IL-8 levels. Keywords Inflammation · Interleukin-8 (IL-8) · Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) · Meta-analysis
Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly. It can be classified into two categories: non-neovascular AMD (dry AMD) and neovascular AMD (wet AMD) [1–3]. Although wet AMD constitutes only 10% of total AMD, it accounts for 90% cases with severe visual loss [2, 3]. Although the definite pathogenesis mechanisms of AMD are still unclear, accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays a significant role in its pathogenesis and progression [4–9]. Previously, it has been shown that pro-inflammatory molecules such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) are all associated with inflammation in AMD [6, 7]. So it is likely that other * Guangming Zhao [email protected] 1
Department of Ophthalmology, Changyi People’s Hospital, Changyi 261300, Shandong, China
Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
2
inflammatory mediators might also involve in the pathogenesis and progression of AMD. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is another pro-inflammatory mediator, and its secretion is up-regulated by pro-inflammatory molecules such as CRP and TNF-α. But whether IL-8 is implicated in the development of AMD is still controversial [10–12]. The IL-8 protein is encoded by the IL-8 gene located on chromosome 4q12-21. Several IL-8 polymorphisms have been identified. However, only −251A/T (rs4073) and +781C/T (rs2227306) polymorphisms have been extensively studied because these two polymorphisms are of potential functional significances and are demons
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