RETRACTED ARTICLE: Genetic analysis and forensic evaluation of 47 autosomal InDel markers in four different Chinese popu
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Genetic analysis and forensic evaluation of 47 autosomal InDel markers in four different Chinese populations Xiyong Pan 1,2 & Changhui Liu 3 & Weian Du 4 & Ling Chen 5 & Xiaolong Han 3 & Xingyi Yang 3 & Chao Liu 3 Received: 29 October 2018 / Accepted: 5 April 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract This study aims to investigate the population-wide genetic data and forensic efficiency of 47 autosomal InDels in the four Chinese populations of Chinese Han, Tibetan, Uighur, and Chinese Hui. The allele frequencies and forensic parameters of the 47 InDels were investigated in 638 unrelated individuals from these four populations. The results can serve as a reference database that includes InDels in the populations, and they can contribute to population diversity studies. Keywords Forensic efficiency . Insertion/deletion polymorphism . Chinese populations . Population genetics
Insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms have been investigated more frequently for their forensic use in recent years because of the several advantages they possess, including their low mutation rates, short amplicon sizes, and enormous numbers that have widespread distribution throughout the genome [1, 2]. Several sets of multiplex InDel profiling have been designed [2–4], with most of these sets potentially functioning as supplementary tools for human identity testing in China [5]. Considering that the inclusion of more InDels could improve effectiveness in human identification and paternity testing, we have designed a set of InDel markers (AGCU InDel 50 kit) in this study. The six-dye kit contains a multiplex PCR primer set Xiyong Pan and Changhui Liu contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02059-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chao Liu [email protected] 1
Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
2
Forensic Science Center of Yuexiu District Branch, Guangzhou Public Security Bureau in GuangDong Province, Guangzhou 510080, China
3
Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, 1708 Baiyun Avenue, Guangzhou 510030, China
4
AGCU ScienTech Incorporation, Wuxi 214174, China
5
School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
of 47 autosomal InDel loci with two Y-InDel loci and amelogenin [6]. China is a multi-ethnic country with a large population, featuring the Chinese Han as the largest population, which accounts for approximately 91.6% of the total Chinese population. The Tibetan, Uighur, and Chinese Hui are minority ethnic groups, with the total population of the three groups accounting for more than 26 million individuals, according to the sixth China population census, taken in 2010 (http://www. stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm). A total of 638 unrelated individuals were randomly selected from the four populations in China, including 175 C
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