RETRACTED ARTICLE: Human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) infection association with CIAP-2 expression in head and neck cancer
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) infection association with CIAP-2 expression in head and neck cancer Amal Mansour • Marwa Ali • Hussein Helmy Samar Kassim
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Received: 24 November 2011 / Accepted: 15 December 2011 / Published online: 4 January 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV-16) E6 proteins inhibit apoptosis in both p53-dependent and p53-independent manners. So it was relevant to assess the impact of such infection on head and neck cancers and its relation to the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs). CIAP2 is one of these IAPs that is postulated to upregulated by E6 proteins of HPV-16 by amplification of the locus bearing it in many tissues. In this study, we aimed to search for the amplification of the locus bearing CIAP-2 and its relation to HPV16 in head and neck cancer that may have prognostic and therapeutic impacts on these patients. Total 30 patients diagnosed as head and neck cancer (2 tissue samples were taken from each patient: from the tumor and from the safety margin). All samples were subjected to qualitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for HPV-16 and qualitative and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of CIAP-2. There was a significant association between HPV-16 and CIAP2 positivity and head and neck tumors (P = 0.01). CIAP-2 expression in malignant tissues was highly associated with HPV-16 infection with 73.9% sensitivity and absolute specificity. Keywords Human papillomavirus IAPs CIAP Apoptosis RT-PCR PCR
A. Mansour (&) M. Ali S. Kassim Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11381, Egypt e-mail: [email protected] H. Helmy Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Introduction Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) make up nearly 90% of head and neck cancers [1]. In Egypt, the annual death rates for malignant neoplasm of the pharynx were 279 per 1,00,000 person/year for males and 283 per 1,00,000 person/years for females as reported in world health statistics annual, 2010 [2]. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was found to be highly associated with several types of SCC at different sites which are: cervix, esophagus, conjunctiva, and paranasal sinuses [3, 4]. Studies reporting treatment outcomes for head and neck cancer must now account for HPV-16 status, because of its association with improved prognosis [5]. New data from case–control studies showed an overall prevalence of HPV-16 infection of 25.9% in specimens obtained from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that had been analyzed in 60 separate studies [6]. However, there are many unresolved questions concerning the pathogenesis of HPV-16 in head and neck carcinoma [7]. It is possible that HPV-16-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma arises by a different mechanism from that involved in the pathogenesis of HPV-16-associated cervical carcinoma [8]. Many studies were indicating a positive association between HPV
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