RETRACTED ARTICLE: Modeling on Long term land use change detection Analysis of Kabul River Basin, Afghanistan by using g
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Modeling on Long‑term land use change detection Analysis of Kabul River Basin, Afghanistan by using geospatial techniques Elyas Khairandish1 · Surendra Kumar Mishra1 · Anil Kumar Lohani2 Received: 30 January 2020 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Land use and land cover are a significant segment in understanding the interactions of human activities with the earth. Along these lines, it is essential to be able to simulate changes. LULC change has the most effect on a river basin; therefore, in this paper, an endeavor is made to study the changes in land use and land cover in the Kabul River Sub-basin from 1972 to 2019. The land use land cover classification was performed based on the satellite imageries of 1972, 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009, and 2019. Arc GIS 10.6.1 and ERDAS Imagine 2018 are used to detect the LULC changes during the last 47 years in Kabul city, i.e., from 1972 to 2019. Studies on LULC show that change in LULC has a direct effect on water resources. The present study has brought to light that forest area that occupied about 3.94% of the Kabul’s area in 1972 diminished to 1.67% in 2019. Agricultural plantation, built-up area, and barren land/wasteland also have experienced change. The builtup area (settlement) has increased from 3.20 to 9.41% of the total area. Agricultural zones have also increased from 4.66 to 8.96% of the entire area. However, drought and civil war are the main reason for deforestation. Still, LULC change shows the scarcity of water in the study area, which must be considered as a severe issue. Keywords Land use and land cover · Change analysis · Kabul River Sub-basin · RS · GIS
Introduction Scene changes, changes, and transformations are consequences of different weights on biological systems and have been advancing to a great extent working together with human settlements. All the common territories, including backwoods, prairies, wet-terrains, and shores, over the world frequently experience assorted sorts of change and transformation in differing degrees. The activating components for scene changes might be biophysical, innovative, institutional, or prudent. Investigating the spatial and transient changes in land use and land cover (LULC) is one of the * Elyas Khairandish [email protected] Surendra Kumar Mishra [email protected] Anil Kumar Lohani [email protected] 1
Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
2
successful approaches to comprehend the current natural status of territory and progressing changes. Urbanization is a significant reason for land use changes and land transformations. This has made regular living spaces open to unusual and durable changes. Further, it challenges the presence of the ecosystems that offer a few known and obscure valuable biological system merchandise and enterprises. Land use and land cover (LULC) change is a significant i
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