RETRACTED ARTICLE: Printed wearable lithium-ion electrodes with high electrochemical performance as portable batteries
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Printed wearable lithium-ion electrodes with high electrochemical performance as portable batteries Yang Cao1,* 1
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lvliang University, Lvliang 033000, People’s Republic of China
Received: 16 January 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 19 March 2020
Self-support flexible lithium-ion battery is one of crucial members of smart materials. In this work, a textile-structured battery was made by extrusion 3D printing technology, using a viscosity modifier (a high concentration of polyvinylidene fluoride), a conductive agent (carbon nanotube) and active electrode materials (i.e. lithium iron phosphate or lithium titanate). We prepared a printable ink (viscosity 105 Pa s), followed by rheological properties examinations. The ink shows significant shear thinning behavior, and storage modulus value reaches a high level (105 Pa). The excellent rheological properties are proved as beneficial to printing and solidification process. Additionally, electrochemical test results indicate printed electrodes exhibit stable and wellmatched charge and discharge specific capacity, the successfully soft-packed lithium-ion battery displays a discharge specific capacity up to 108 mAh g-1. Even after bending, the discharge specific capacity is about 111 mAh g-1. Further experiments reveal outstanding electrochemical properties open up new possibility for smart wearable electronics applications.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction In recent years, flexible wearable devices have received widespread concern from academia and industry for their various applications, such as smart clothing, biomonitor, electronic paper, skin electronics, and flexible display [1–4]. However, the rapid development of wearable electronic products has increasing demands for its energy supply supporting system; due to the requirements of arbitrary deformation and flexible wearing, the power supply needs to be well adapted to exhibit characteristics of lightweight, small size, arbitrarily deformable, simple and
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04586-7
quick manufacturing process, and low cost [5–7]. Lithium-ion batteries not only have a high energy density, but also have remarkable cycle performance, and the material and manufacturing process are relatively cost-efficient and environmentally friendly, so it is the most widely applied and promising electrochemical energy storage systems in many fields, especially in portable electronic products. Lithiumion batteries are therefore the best alternative energy storage system for flexible wearable electronic devices [8]. A conventional lithium-ion battery is formed by stacking or twisting positive electrode sheet, a
J Mater Sci
negative electrode sheet, and a separator, then encapsulating them with a metal shell of fixed shape and size, and finally injecting an electrolyte [9], so there are obstacles for the conventional lithium-ion battery in the application of flexible wear
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