Retrospective detection and phylogenetic analysis of pseudorabies virus in dogs in China
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Retrospective detection and phylogenetic analysis of pseudorabies virus in dogs in China Lu Tu2 · Jiamin Lian1 · Yanling Pang1 · Cun Liu2 · Shangjin Cui2 · Wencheng Lin1 Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pseudorabies virus (PRV), the causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease, has gained increased attention in China in recent years as a result of a recent outbreak of pseudorabies. The causative agent has a wide spectrum of hosts, including pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, bats, bears, and even some avian species. Although dog-related cases of pseudorabies have been reported regularly, many cases are overlooked, and few PRV strains are isolated because death occurs rapidly after PRV infection and veterinarians often do not test for PRV in dogs. Here, we performed a retrospective detection of PRV in dogs from July 2017 to December 2018. We found that PRV (including gE-deleted strains, classical strains, and variant strains) is prevalent in dogs regardless of season and region and that the epidemic PRV strains in dogs share high sequence similarity with gC and gE genes of swine epidemic strains and commercial vaccine strains. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of PRV surveillance in dogs, which is beneficial for understanding the epidemiology of PRV in dogs and assists in efforts aimed at effectively controlling this disease.
Introduction Pseudorabies virus (PRV), also called suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), is a member of the genus Varicellovirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae [1]. The infectious agent has a wide spectrum of hosts, including pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, bats, bears, and even some avian species [2, 3]. Fatal PRV infections have been reported in cats, dogs, cattle and other animals of different ages. Moreover, PRV can be considered a potential zoonotic agent, causing a disease of the eyes [4–10]. Handling Editor: Akbar Dastjerdi. Lu Tu, Jiamin Lian and Yanling Pang contributed equally. * Shangjin Cui [email protected] * Wencheng Lin [email protected] 1
Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic of China
Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
2
Pigs are considered the primary hosts and reservoirs of PRV [11, 12]. The clinical signs of PRV infection primarily depend on the age of the pig. Older animals may only show innocuous respiratory signs or may be clinically inapparent, whereas productive infection in young piglets is invariably fatal and characterized by severe central nervous signs [3, 11]. These infections cause considerable economic losses in the swine industry globally. It has been confirmed that the most effective way to prevent and eliminate pseudorabies is large-scale vaccination with gE-deleted vaccines and using a DIVA (different
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