Review on Advanced Energetic Materials for Insensitive Munition Formulations
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Review on Advanced Energetic Materials for Insensitive Munition Formulations M. Anniyappana , M. B. Talawara , R. K. Sinhaa , and K. P. S. Murthya
UDC 536.46
Published in Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 3–31, September–October, 2020. Original article submitted April 4, 2019; revision submitted November 20, 2019; accepted for publication December 24, 2019.
Abstract: Insensitive munitions are munitions that are chemically stable enough to withstand thermal, mechanical, or electrical stimuli during storage and transportation, and can still explode as intended to defeat their targets. Extensive programmes have evolved worldwide for the development and introduction of insensitive munitions (IMs). The use of insensitive energetic materials significantly improves the protection of modern nuclear warheads and increases the survivability of conventional munitions in hustle environment. The most basic level to obtain insensitive munitions is the use of intrinsic insensitive energetic materials, either by synthesizing new, less sensitive crystalline materials or by improving the physical properties of existing sensitive materials. In light of the growing importance of insensitive munitions, this review paper brings out some potential insensitive energetic materials and plasticizers emphasizing their significant role in the development of futuristic IM formulations. This review also concisely brings out the recent work carried out globally, including India, on the development of advanced energetic materials and their insensitive energetic formulations. Keywords: insensitive energetic materials, binders, plasticizers, formulations, insensitive munitions. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508220050019
INTRODUCTION The design of future weapon systems requires the use of explosive and propellant formulations having enhanced performance and reduced vulnerability during storage and transportation. Insensitive munitions (IMs) are munitions that reliably ensure their performance, satisfy operational requirements only on demand, and minimize accidental initiation by external stimuli. The use of IMs has an important economic and logistic impact on stockpiling, storage, and transportation. IMs can also eliminate the risk of mass explosion and ensure high storage of ammunitions in small areas and storage buildings that can be closer to one another. a
High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune, 411021 India; anniorganic@rediffmail.com.
NATO’s Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC) dealing with various IM issues published the STANAG 4439 document setting out the general intent for IM in 1998, and it was ratified by more than 15 nations to date. In addition to STANAG, each nation maintains its own national policies for IMs. The policy for assessment and testing of Insensitive Munitions (MURAT) is addressed in the Standardization Agreement STANAG 4439; the Allied Ordnance Publication (AOP) provides guidance and to enable the policy and requirements of STANAG 4439 to be implemented (Table 1) [1, 2]. Several approaches
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