Review on magnetic nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia for cancer therapy
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REVIEW
Review on magnetic nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia for cancer therapy Arunima Rajan & Niroj Kumar Sahu
Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticlemediated magnetic hyperthermia is an innovative, efficient, and safer thermo-therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Structural and magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles as well as external magnetic field parameters are responsible for a controlled heating performance imperative for clinical success. This review covers topics from the nanophysics of magnetic nanoparticles through the basic concepts of magnetism to the different magnetic nanoparticles used for magnetic hyperthermia. Relevant properties beneficial for magnetic hyperthermia including size (nanosize regime of 10– 100 nm), shape (anisotropic and isotropic), viscosity of the dispersive medium, and applied magnetic field parameters to optimize the heat dissipation via various mechanisms are also addressed. Primary aim of the present review is to provide an interdisciplinary knowledge platform for the basic understanding of nanomagnetism in order to advance further in the field of nanomedicine. This review pinpoints recent advancements in nanoparticle-tumor tissue interactions and their translation to clinical applications. The present review differs from other contemporary reviews by reporting the up-to-date developments in the nanotechnology A. Rajan : N. K. Sahu (*) Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India e-mail: [email protected] A. Rajan School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
aspects of magnetic hyperthermia and addressing the future perspectives. Keywords Hyperthermia . Magnetic nanoparticles . Superparamagnetism . Hysteresis loss . Relaxation mechanisms . Iron oxide nanoparticles . Nanomedicine
Introduction Cancer has emerged as a serious health concern as it represents the second leading cause of death worldwide with soaring mortality rates (an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018) (Gonzales-Weimuller et al. 2009). More than 1.8 million new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed in 2020 (Siegel et al. 2020). Cancer is a stage of an abnormality occurring inside the body where the cells divide in an unregulated manner to form complex tissue structures termed as tumors. This abnormal behavior originates from a single cell or a small group of cells thereby inducing DNA changes causing a cell mutation. Cancer cells are categorized into benign and malignant. Benign cells are harmless, non-cancerous cells which grow locally without affecting the surrounding healthy tissues. In contrast, malignant cells, termed as metastatic cancerous cells, are able to invade the neighboring cells in a very rapid manner, consequently leading to a secondary growth which is aggressive and potentially dangerous to life. Malignant tumors exhibit a complex tissue structure characterized by a low pH, low oxygenation (hypoxia), higher
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