Reviews of Environmental Contamination Volume 197 International Pers
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environmen
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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Arsenic Pollution and Remediation: An International Perspective Editor
David M. Whitacre Volume Editors
Hemda Garelick and Huw Jones
Editorial Board Lilia A. Albert, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico • Charles P. Gerba, Tucson, Arizona, USA John Giesy, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada • O. Hutzinger, Bayreuth, Germany James B. Knaak, Getzville, New York, USA James T. Stevens, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA Ronald S. Tjeerdema, Davis, California, USA • Pim de Voogt, Amsterdam, The Netherlands George W. Ware, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Founding Editor Francis A. Gunther
VOLUME 197
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Coordinating Board of Editors DR. DAVID M. WHITACRE, Editor Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 5115 Bunch Road Summerfield North, Carolina 27358, USA (336) 634-2131 (PHONE and FAX) E-mail: [email protected]
Springer New York: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA Heidelberg: Postfach 10 52 80, 69042 Heidelberg, Germany Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 62-18595 ISSN 0179-5953 Printed on acid-free paper. # 2008 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.
ISBN: 978-0-387-79283-5 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-79284-2 Springer.com
e-ISBN: 978-0-387-79284-2
Special Foreword
Exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water is a major threat to human health. Millions of people across the world are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water with concentrations far in excess of the 10 mg/L maximum permissible level established by the World Health Organization (WHO). The major arsenic exposure pathway is believed to be via natural (geological) sources of contaminated groundwater. In addition, arsenic is introduced into the environment from anthropogenic sources, primarily metal mining and smelting activities, which pollute soils, sediments, and surface waters and groundwater worldwide. The implications for human health of arsenic exposure are serious, but neither are these implications fully understood nor are solutions for mitigation adequately evaluated or communicated. The purpose of the six papers comprising this volume is to address this knowledge gap. These papers result from a project supported by the Chemistry and the Environment Division (VI) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). They are consonant with and unde
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