RF plasma polymer modification of graphene oxide for micromotors with improved performance
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
RF plasma polymer modification of graphene oxide for micromotors with improved performance Gozde Yurdabak Karaca 1 & Gamze Celik Cogal 2 & Esin Eren 2,3 & Lutfi Oksuz 4 & Aysegul Uygun Oksuz 2 Received: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 # Qatar University and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This work introduces improved performances of self-propelled tubular micromotors based on radio frequency (RF)–rotating plasma-prepared graphene oxide-poly(aniline) (GO-PANI), graphene oxide/poly(ethylaniline) (GO-PEANI), and graphene oxide/poly(fluoroaniline) (GO-PFANI) composites as outer layer and platinum (Pt) as the catalytic inner layer. Scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were utilized to characterize the RF-rotating plasma-modified graphene oxide–based composites. Incorporating the impressive features of graphene oxide (GO) and PANI or its substitute derivatives, the composite micromotors offer an efficient performance in dye-labeled single-stranded DNA immobilization due to changes in the fluorescence intensity and speed of micromotors. Keywords Graphene oxide . Micromotor . Conjugated polymers . Polyaniline . Plasma modification
1 Introduction Self-propelled artificial micromotors based on the catalytic conversion of chemical energy into motion and forces have been of growing interest due to their (bio)chemical science and industrial implementations [1, 2]. Recently, special interest has been shown to studies including chemically powered micromotors that display self-propulsion in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fuel media [3]. The fuel is very important for self-propelled catalytic micromotor applications [4]. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-020-00130-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Aysegul Uygun Oksuz [email protected] 1
Engineering Faculty, Bioengineering Department, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
2
Faculty of Arts and Science, Chemistry Department, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
3
Innovative Technologies Application and Research Center Department of Energy Technologies, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
4
Faculty of Arts and Science, Physics Department, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Platinum-based chemical catalyst encourages H2O2 to decompose into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2) bubbles. The motion of chemically propelled micromotors depends on concentration of the surfactant and fuel. Fuel concentration affects the rate of bubble generation. Surfactants can increase the interactions between the surface of platinum and H2O2 fuel with decreasing surface tension [5, 6]. The goal of fabrication is to synthesize micro/nanomotors which are appropriate for implementation in a facile and cost-effective method. Generally, tubular micromotors were
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