Role of Altered Expression, Activity and Sub-cellular Distribution of Various Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Mesial Tem
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Role of Altered Expression, Activity and Sub‑cellular Distribution of Various Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis Arpna Srivastava1,2 · Jyotirmoy Banerjee1,3 · Vivek Dubey3 · Manjari Tripathi1,4 · P. Sarat Chandra1,2 · M. C. Sharma5 · Sanjeev Lalwani6 · Fouzia Siraj7 · Ramesh Doddamani2 · Aparna Banerjee Dixit1,8 Received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been described to have both neurotoxic and neuroprotective roles, and partly, depend on its sub-cellular distribution. HDAC inhibitors have a long history of use in the treatment of various neurological disorders including epilepsy. Key role of HDACs in GABAergic neurotransmission, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity and memory formation was demonstrated whereas very less is known about their role in drug-resistant epilepsy pathologies. The present study was aimed to investigate the changes in the expression of HDACs, activity and its sub-cellular distribution in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) patients. For this study, surgically resected hippocampal tissue specimens of 28 MTLE-HS patients and 20 hippocampus from post-mortem cases were obtained. Real-time PCR was done to analyse the mRNA expression. HDAC activity and the protein levels of HDACs in cytoplasm as well as nucleus were measured spectrophotometrically. Further, sub-cellular localization of HDACs was characterized by immunofluorescence. Significant upregulation of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC10 and HDAC11 mRNA were observed in MTLE-HS. Alterations in the mRNA expression of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunits have been also demonstrated. We observed significant increase of HDAC activity and nuclear level of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC5 and HDAC11 in the hippocampal samples obtained from patients with MTLE-HS. Moreover, we found altered cytoplasmic level of HDAC4, HDAC6 and HDAC10 in the hippocampal sample obtained from patients with MTLE-HS. Alterations in the level of HDACs could potentially be part of a dynamic transcription regulation associated with MTLE-HS. Changes in cytoplasmic level of HDAC4, 6 and 10 suggest that cytoplasmic substrates may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of MTLE-HS. Knowledge regarding expression pattern and sub-cellular distribution of HDACs may help to devise specific HDACi therapy for epilepsy. Keywords Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis · Histone deacetylase · Histone modifications · Epigenetic · Epilepsy · Sub-cellular distribution Abbreviations AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences AMPA α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4isoxazolepropionic acid ATF4 Activating transcription factor 4
BSA Bovine serum albumin CA Cornu ammonis COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2 DAB Diaminobenzidine (DAB) solution DAPI 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole
* Ramesh Doddamani [email protected]
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Department of
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