Histone Deacetylases Methods and Protocols
This volume provides different methodologies for all classes of histone deacetylases, which includes detailed procedures on Class I and II histone deacetylase inhibitors, SIRT inhibitors, and bromodomain inhibitors. Histone Deacetylases: Methods and Proto
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Sibaji Sarkar Editor
Histone Deacetylases Methods and Protocols
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Histone Deacetylases Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Sibaji Sarkar Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Editor Sibaji Sarkar Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-3665-6 ISBN 978-1-4939-3667-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3667-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933776 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: Sarah Heerboth, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Karolina Lapinska, Boston University School of Medicine. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York
Preface The concept of epigenetics has shifted since it was first described in the 1970s, when gene function and expression could not always be correlated with changes in DNA sequences. After completion of the genome project, it became clear that changes above the genome play a significant role in gene expression. Further, the alteration of gene expression was found to be involved in the progression of many diseases. Epigenetic changes include modifications of histones and DNA bases (e.g., methylation of adenosine in lower eukaryotes and cytosine in mammals). The last two decades saw the development of technologies that enabled detailed examination of these molecular modifications. Histone acetylation confers open chromatin, which favors transcription. In contrast, histone deacetylation results in a more closed chromatin structure, inhibiting transcription. There are four classes of histone deacetylases (HDACs)
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