Role of Demand Side Management in Residential Distribution Systems with the Integration of Electric Vehicles
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Role of Demand Side Management in Residential Distribution Systems with the Integration of Electric Vehicles Jayababu Badugu1 · Obulesu Yeddula Pedda2 · Sai Babu Choppavarapu3 Received: 15 April 2019 / Revised: 15 September 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2020
Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) are being well known because of no emissions and eco-friendly and consequently these are extremely preferred for transportation. Conversely, the increasing demand for EVs results in several challenges in the maintenance of the distribution system. In general, EVs are often charged in residential areas. Due to this uncoordinated EV charging the low voltage (LV) distribution network has to encounter many challenges to sustain for the new load conditions without any power outages and voltage fluctuations. If this impact of EVs on the distribution network is not measured and rectified properly, it leads to the replacement and reinforcement of the distribution system which is pronounced and tedious. This work proposes Demand Side Management (DSM) technique to decrease the hassle in the residential distribution system embedded with EVs. DSM is the best alternative technique for the distribution system to avoid the most awful power peaks. In this paper, the DSM algorithm is proposed and implemented in two cases—when both household and EV loads are shifted and only EV loads are shifted. The corresponding results are presented. The impact of the uncoordinatedly scheduled EV loads has been compared with the outcomes obtained by employing the DSM strategy to a residential distribution system and are discussed corresponding to the stability of the distribution system and end-user contentment. Keywords Electric vehicles · Residential distribution system · Residential load · DSM · User profiles · EV charging
1 Introduction As per the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020, by 2020 the worldwide general demand for 2 and 4 wheelers is assumed to be rise from its present value of 43 and 45 million units to 76 and 70 million units respectively. Additionally, it is also assumed that the present current penetration of 2% and 38–40% of 2 and 4 wheeler electric vehicles may be enhanced to 7–19% and 34–36%. This will bring about 27 million electric two-wheelers and 5–13 million electric cars by 2020 [1]. Compared to the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles EVs have brought down carbon and nitrogen oxide emanations and * Jayababu Badugu [email protected] 1
Department of EEE, Vignan′s Lara Institute of Technology & Science, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
2
School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Department of EEE, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
have a low cost of operation. Many researchers discussed the economic costs and benefits of EVs concerning the customers [2]. The reports revealed that electrification of the transport division is proved to be the best phenom
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