Role of gut-lung microbiome crosstalk in COVID-19
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REVIEW
Role of gut-lung microbiome crosstalk in COVID-19 B. S. Srinath 1 & Rajesh P. Shastry 2
&
Sukesh B. Kumar 2
Received: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 November 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica 2020
Abstract Purpose Gut microbiota are able to generate metabolites that can alter the function of immune cells and play a major role in health and disease. Understanding the changes in gut microbiome during infections including virus may help to use novel strategies in the therapeutic interventions. Methods We have reviewed recent reports on role of gut microbiome in lung infections and its possible importance in COVID-19. Results Most of the studies provide an insight into the possible role of gut microbes during lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and other respiratory problems such as allergy and asthma. However, clinical evidence underlying gut-lung crosstalk during respiratory viral infections is limited. Conclusion This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiome during respiratory viral infections mainly focused on COVID-19 and possible evidence for its crosstalk targeting as new therapeutics. Keywords Respiratory viral infections . Microbiome . COVID-19 . Gut-lung axis
Introduction In December 2019, a series of cases of unsolved respiratory viral pneumonia was occurred in Wuhan, China. Primarily, most of the cases were considered to have linked with the seafood market in Wuhan. Later, it was identified that human to human transmission played a major role in the disease outbreak (Yuki et al. 2020). This disease was rapidly spread from Wuhan to other places in China and the rest of the world. To identify the causal organism of this disease, a huge number of tests were conducted. Finally, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named the causative virus as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease name as COVID-19 (Cui et al. 2019). This disease has been affecting a huge number of people in the worldwide, approximately more than 216 countries
B. S. Srinath and Rajesh P. Shastry contributed equally to this work. * Rajesh P. Shastry [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Post Graduate Centre, Mangalore University, Jnana Kavery Campus, Kodagu, Karnataka 571232, India
2
Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
and territories (Zhang et al. 2020c; Zheng 2020). As of 21st October 2020, around 40,251,950 cases have been infected and 1,116,131 deaths occurred worldwide according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020). Six species of corona viruses are well known to cause diseases in human, among them the Middle East Respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) are zoonotic diseases, which caused severe respiratory illness and had higher fatality rates (Ye et al. 2020).
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