Role of Lymphoid Structure in Skin Immunity
The skin is the outermost organ of the body and is exposed to many kinds of external pathogens. To manage this, the skin contains multiple types of immune cells. To achieve sufficient induction of cutaneous adaptive immune responses, the antigen presentat
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Introduction.......................................................................................................................... The Concept of SALT......................................................................................................... Antigen Presentation Mechanism in the Skin..................................................................... 3.1 Keratinocytes as an Initiator of Skin Inflammation................................................... 3.2 Cutaneous Antigen-Presenting Cells .......................................................................... 3.3 T Cell Recruitment to the Skin.................................................................................. 3.4 Antigen Survey by T Cells in the Skin ..................................................................... 3.5 Antigen Recognition by Resident Memory T Cells in the Skin............................... 4 The Concept of iSALT........................................................................................................ 4.1 iSALT Formation in CHS .......................................................................................... 4.2 iSALT Formation Around Post-capillary Venules .................................................... 4.3 Indispensable Role of Perivascular Macrophages in iSALT Formation ................... 5 iSALT Formation in Humans ............................................................................................. 6 Future Remarks ................................................................................................................... References ..................................................................................................................................
Abstract The skin is the outermost organ of the body and is exposed to many kinds of external pathogens. To manage this, the skin contains multiple types of immune cells. To achieve sufficient induction of cutaneous adaptive immune responses, the antigen presentation/recognition in the skin is an essential process. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge of how T cells survey their cognate antigens in the skin. In addition, the formation of a lymphoid cluster, named inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT), has been reported during skin inflammation. Although iSALT may not be classified as a typical tertiary lymphoid
G. Egawa (&) K. Kabashima Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan e-mail: [email protected] Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2020_206 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
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G. Egawa and K. Kabashima
organ, it provides specific antigen presentation sites in the skin. In this article, we provide an overview of the antigen presentation mechanism in the skin, with a focus on the development of iSALT and its function. List of Abbreviations APCs cDCs CHS DCs FRC iSALT LCs LNs MALT PCVs pDCs PVMs SALT SLO TLO Tregs TRM
Antigen-presenting cells Conventional dendritic
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