The role of leptin in selected skin diseases
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(2020) 19:215
REVIEW
Open Access
The role of leptin in selected skin diseases Klaudia Dopytalska1, Agnieszka Baranowska-Bik2* , Marek Roszkiewicz1, Wojciech Bik3 and Irena Walecka1
Abstract Leptin is an adipokine, adipocyte-derived compound, which acts both as a hormone and cytokine. It is mainly synthesized by adipocytes of white adipose tissue. Leptin possesses pleiotropic functions including, among others, stimulation of angiogenesis and production of proinflammatory cytokines. The various types of leptin activity are related to the wide distribution of leptin receptors. This adipokine acts by activating intracellular signaling cascades such as JAKs (Janus kinases), STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription), and others. In a course of obesity, an increased serum level of leptin coexists with tissue receptor resistance. It has been reported that enhanced leptin levels, leptin receptor impairment, and dysfunction of leptin signaling can influence skin and hair. The previous studies revealed the role of leptin in wound healing, hair cycle, and pathogenesis of skin diseases like psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, and skin cancers. However, the exact mechanism of leptin’s impact on the skin is still under investigation. Herein, we present the current knowledge concerning the role of leptin in psoriasis and selected skin diseases. Keywords: Leptin, Obesity, Psoriasis, Skin disease, Immune system
Introduction It’s an indisputable fact that the prevalence of obesity in modern society has risen significantly in the last two decades leading to an increased number of obesity-related pathological conditions [1]. Adipose tissue is energy storage and is also considered as the endocrine organ that can produce and secrete hormones and cytokines, named adipokines. Many studies have shown the role of adipokines in energy homeostasis, metabolism, endocrine and immunological activity, and, recently, also dermatological diseases. Leptin is a 16-kDa protein, a product of the obese (ob) gene located on chromosome 7q31.3, and is synthesized and secreted by white adipose tissue. The peripheral leptin level is highly correlated with total fat mass and body mass index (BMI). It is believed that leptin is the main regulator of food intake, body mass, and metabolism. Due to a wide distribution of leptin receptors (LepRs), leptin possesses * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Ceglowska 80, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
pleiotropic functions including stimulation of angiogenesis, modulation of the hormonal system, and augmentation of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [2–6]. It has been widely suggested that many skin diseases are associated with metabolic disturbances including metabolic syndrome and obesity. Amongst these dermatological diseases, there are psoriasis, lichen planus, connective tissue diseases, bullous diseases, vitiligo, and chronic urticaria [6]. However, the
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