Role of Heat Shock Factors in Diseases and Immunity
Studying the role of HSFs during external stimuli induced conditions, diseased conditions and host pathogen interactions is considered to be much needed one due to their rapid involvement and regulation. Therefore, the roles of HSF in diseases were summar
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Abstract Introduction Studying the role of HSFs during external stimuli induced conditions, diseased conditions and host pathogen interactions is considered to be much needed one due to their rapid involvement and regulation. Therefore, the roles of HSF in diseases were summarized in this chapter. Methods Journals and data bases (Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar) were surveyed with the keywords “HSF”, “Diseases” and “Immunity”. Pertinent works were chosen for discussion. Results Protein homeostasis is one of the important molecular mechanisms required to maintain the cellular systems in a balanced manner. Various factors such as oxidative stress, increased temperatures, heavy metals and pathogenic invasion affect the protein homeostasis in which the heat shock response plays a crucial role to sort out the condition. Many reports on heat shock related responses have revealed the involvement of two major classes of chaperone molecules such as Hsp and HSF. HSF are transcriptional regulators of heat shock related genes/proteins during both normal and cellular stresses thereby they plays a significant role in cellular and protein homeostasis. Conclusion In this chapter, we have discussed about the involvement of HSFs in protein and cellular homeostasis in connection to their functions, organizations, and role in diseases. Altogether, we suggest that HSF is considered to be one of the most crucial phenomena in various biological processes and molecular functions including immunity.
B. Balasubramaniam · K. Balamurugan (*) Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 A. A. A. Asea, P. Kaur (eds.), Heat Shock Proteins in Neuroscience, Heat Shock Proteins 20, https://doi.org/10.1007/7515_2020_21
B. Balasubramaniam and K. Balamurugan
Keywords Gene expression · Immunity · Isoforms · Protein regulation · PTMs · Unfolded protein response
Abbreviations ALS AMPK CDK4 DNA HIF1α HSE HSF HSP Hsp HSR mRNA MS PTM ROS SBMA SOD 1 SUMO TauT UPS α-syn
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 50 -AMP-activated protein kinase cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Deoxyribonucleic Acid hypoxia-inducible factor 1α heat shock element (s) heat shock factor (s) heat shock family heat shock protein (s) heat shock response (s) messenger RNA mass spectrometry post translational modification (s) reactive oxygen species spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy superoxide dismutase 1 small ubiquitin-like modifier taurine transporter ubiquitin mediated proteolysis α-synuclein
1 Introduction All the eukaryotic organisms respond to environmental factors such as oxidative stress, temperature, infection, etc., by eliciting variety of immune and HSR. During temperature fluctuation, a typical response from most of the organisms takes place, and to rectify the condition, Hsp are generally functioning as mediators. Even though, the involvement of heat shock response plays a major role in combating the environmental stimuli, the activation/inactivation relies on the HSF, tra
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