Role of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the management of disease complex of beetroot ( Beta vulgaris L.) caused by Pectobac
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RESEARCH REPORT
Role of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the management of disease complex of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) caused by Pectobacterium betavasculorum, Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani Manzoor R. Khan1 · Zaki A. Siddiqui1 Received: 14 August 2020 / Revised: 10 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 © Korean Society for Horticultural Science 2020
Abstract The impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in 100 and 200 mg L−1 concentrations was examined on the hatching and mortality of M. incognita (Mi) and the growth of P. betavasculorum (Pb) and R. solani (Rs) under in vitro conditions. ZnO NPs inhibited the hatching and caused mortality of 2nd stage juveniles (J2s) of Mi and also inhibited the growth of Pb and Rs. In pot experiments, ZnO NPs in 100 and 200 mg L −1 concentrations were delivered as a foliar spray and seed priming for the management of disease complex of beetroot. Foliar spray of ZnO NPs to plants infected with pathogens or un-infected more efficiently improved plant dry mass and physiological and biochemical parameters of beetroot than seed priming. Foliar spray of ZnO NPs at 200 mg L−1 to plants infected with pathogens resulted in the greatest increase in plant dry mass, and physiological and biochemical parameters of beetroot. Seed priming and foliar spray of ZnO NPs caused a reduction in disease indices, nematode population, and root galling. Foliar spray of ZnO NPs at 200 mg L−1 caused the maximum reduction in disease indices, nematode multiplication, and root galling. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis revealed that ZnO NPs were accumulated in shoots and roots of both infected and uninfected plants independent of the application methodology. Overall, the findings suggest that ZnO NPs as the foliar spray has the potential for the management of root-knot, soft-rot, and root-rot, disease complex of beetroot. Keywords Beetroot · Disease complex · Management · Zinc accumulation · ZnO NPs
1 Introduction Beetroot is a high nutrient vegetable crop, mainly grown for food uses rather than for sugar production (Wruss et al. 2015). It is a rich source of phytochemical compounds like carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and ascorbic acid (Wootton-Beard and Ryan 2011). It is also among the few vegetables that contain a group of bioactive secondary metabolites known as betalains (Vulić et al. 2014), which have a wide range of biological activities with potential health benefits (Clifford et al. 2015). Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood can infect the roots of almost Communicated by Cecile Segonzac. * Zaki A. Siddiqui [email protected] 1
Section of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P. 202002, India
all cultivated plants, including beets (Mashela 2017). It induces galls on the roots, which severely reduces the yield of beetroot crop (Khan and Siddiqui 2019). Pectobacterium betavasculorum (Thomson et al.) Gardan et al. is responsible for soft rot disease of beetroot (Ha
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