Sabkha Ecosystems Volume II: West and Central Asia

Sabkha Ecosystems Volume I: The Arabian Peninsula and Adjacent Countries was published in 2002. It was the first comprehensive volume dealing with the subject of sabkha research, and sabkha environmental management. Valuable new information was provided f

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Tasks for Vegetation Science 42 SERIES EDITOR H. Lieth, University of Osnabrück, Germany

The titles published in the series are listed at the end of this volume.

Sabkha Ecosystems Volume II: West and Central Asia Edited by M. AJMAL KHAN Department of Botany University of Karachi Karachi, Pakistan BENNO BÖER UNESCO Regional Office in the Arab State of Gulf Doha, Qatar GERMAN S. KUST Institute of Soil Science Moscow State University and Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russian Federation and HANS-JÖRG BARTH Department of Physical Geography University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13

1-4020-5071-2 (HB) 978-1-4020-5071-8 (HB) 1-4020-5072-0 (e-book) 978-1-4020-5072-0 (e-book)

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com

Printed on acid-free paper Cover photograph caption: The Dasht-e Kevir, or Great Salt Desert, is the largest desert in Iran. It is primarily sabkha, composed of mud and salt marshes. This image was acquired by Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) sensor on October 24, 2000. It is a falsecolor composite image made using infrared, green, and red wavelengths. The image has also been sharpened using the sensor’s panchromatic band. The image was kindly provided by NASA through the Visibleearth website http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/

All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

Contents Contributing Authors

vii

Foreword

ix

Preface

xi xiii

Acknowledgements

Introduction

xv

1.

Sabkha ecosystem and halophyte plant communities in Saudi Arabia ALI A. AL-JALOUD AND GHULAM HUSSAIN

1

2.

An overview of the halophytes in Turkey AYKUT GUVENSEN, GUVEN GORK AND MUNİR OZTURK

9

3.

The biogeography of the coastal vegetation of the Abu Dhabi gulf coast BENNO BÖER AND PETER SAENGER

31

4.

The sabkha vegetation of the United Arab Emirates GARY BROWN

37

5.

Desertification and sabkhat formation in the Aral Sea region GERMAN S. KUST AND NINA M. NOVIKOVA

53

6.

Biodiversity of halophytic and sabkha ecosystems in Iran HOSSEIN AKHANI

71

7.

The micro-organisms of sabkhat in Qatar I.A. MAHASNEH, R.F. AL-THANI AND G. BROWN

89

8.

Soil salinization and floodplain ecosystems of south-west Turkmenistan JANNA V. KOUZMINA

9.

Economic halophytes of Bahrain JAMEEL A. ABBAS

99 113

v

vi

CONTENTS

10. The main regularities of dust-salt transference in the desert zone of Kazakhstan M.A. ORLOVA AND S.M. SEIFULLINA

121

11. Halophytes of Pakistan: characteristics, distribution and potential economic usages M. AJMAL KHAN AND M. QAISER

129

12