Safety Culture Development: The Gap Between Industry Guidelines and Literature, and the Differences Amongst Industry Sec
Reason’s typology of safety culture (i.e. Just, Informative, Learning, Flexible and Reporting cultures) is widely used in the industry and academia. Through literature review we developed a framework including 36 markers that reflect the operationalizatio
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words Safety culture Just culture Flexible culture Reporting culture
Informative culture Learning culture
N. Karanikas (&) R.J. de Boer A.L.C. Roelen Aviation Academy, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Weesperzijde 190, Amsterdam, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] R.J. de Boer e-mail: [email protected] A.L.C. Roelen e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] P. Soltani Department Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, Delft, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] A.L.C. Roelen Netherlands Aerospace Centre, Anthony Fokkerweg 2, Amsterdam, The Netherlands © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 P. Arezes (ed.), Advances in Safety Management and Human Factors, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 491, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41929-9_7
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1 Introduction Over the last decades, different theories of organizational culture have been developed, various characteristics of organizational culture have been identified [1] and several definitions have been suggested based on the way people think (e.g., values, attitudes, beliefs) and/or behave [2]. Safety culture is an aspect of organizational culture, and was firstly introduced in the frame of the investigation of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986. Since then, numerous studies have attempted to define, and conceptualize safety culture, thus leading “… to different ideas about the best means of developing a safety culture and thus also about the means of developing safety.” [3]. Regardless the diversity of studies, it seems that there has not been a framework integrating the safety culture characteristics referred in the literature and providing a holistic approach to safety culture development. Despite the lack of academic consensus on the precise definitions and conceptualizations, safety culture is seen as part of a safety management system. Authorities and organizations have recognized the need to plan for initiatives in order to foster safety culture, with the goal of reducing accidents and incidents. This is achieved by ensuring that employees pay attention to risks, are committed to safety, and openly discuss their views. Regional and international bodies of various industry domains have generated their own lists of safety culture dimensions— prerequisites, and regulators have included safety culture as a matter of concern when auditing organizations [3]. However, no study has been conducted about the extent to which guidelines of industry bodies embrace the academic body of knowledge, and how similar those guidelines are to each other. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a research project conducted for a European Nuclear Power Plant (ENPP) [4]. One of the main project objectives was to suggest a complete set of safety culture development prerequisites, and compare the relevant ENPP documentation with the guidelines published by the aviation, railway, oil and gas, nuclear, healthcare, military aviation and ma
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