Salicylic acid mediated up regulation of carvone biosynthesis during growth phase in cell suspension cultures of Anethum
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Salicylic acid mediated up regulation of carvone biosynthesis during growth phase in cell suspension cultures of Anethum graveolens Neha Bulchandani1 · Gyan S. Shekhawat1 Received: 24 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The study illustrates the system for enhanced production of a medicinally important unexplored compound, carvone occurring naturally in Anethum graveolens. The effect of salicylic acid (SA) on biomass yield, carvone biosynthesis, growth and major enzymatic antioxidant parameters in A. graveolens was evaluated. The effects of different combinations of benzyl adenine (BA) and 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were tested. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium comprising 1.76 µM BA + 3.24 µM NAA was the best for friable callus induction. The friable callus was used for the initiation of cell suspension culture. MS salts in combination with 4.4 µM BA and 2.6 µM NAA, 3% sucrose was appropriate for cell growth and bioactive compound accumulation. The cell suspension cultures were then treated with SA (0.1, 0.75 and 1.5 mM) as an elicitor for four weeks. An up regulation of enzymatic antioxidants, ascorbate peroxidase (APX); superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity with increasing concentrations of SA whereas a reduction in guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity was recorded at the end of the growth phase. The results also showed that higher concentrations of SA significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and Proline content. Cell suspension culture was then subjected to extraction and isolation. The quantification of carvone through HPLC analysis revealed highest amount of carvone (0.063%) in cell suspension culture treated with 0.1 mM concentration of SA whereas higher concentration 0.75 mM SA showed reduction in amount (0.035%) of carvone. SA elicited cell suspension culture offered an effective and favorable in vitro method to improve the production of carvone for its potential use in pharmaceuticals. Keywords Anethum graveolens · Cell suspension cultures · Salicylic acid · Carvone · HPLC
Introduction Anethum graveolens is an annual aromatic herb belonging to the family Apiaceae. Being one of the most important culinary herbs it’s been extensively used as a flavoring agent and spice from approximately 2000 years. There is a history of its use as an essential home remedy to treat infections related to the digestive system (Kaur and Arora, 2010; Jana and Shekhawat 2010a). A. graveolens possesses a broad range of naturally occurring secondary metabolites endowed with a wide variety of structural diversity and biological activities (Raghawan 2006; Dhir et al. 2014). The herb has gained * Gyan S. Shekhawat [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
renewed interest as it contains higher levels of carvone, fundamentally a monoterpene it is the most important constituent, synthesized in maximum proportion and responsible for imparting the plant it’s
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