The Interplay Between Salicylic and Jasmonic Acid During Phytopathogenesis
There is no doubt that the salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in plant defence against pathogens attacks. According to the established opinion, SA induces the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) that is effective defense against numerous biotrophi
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The Interplay Between Salicylic and Jasmonic Acid During Phytopathogenesis Antonina V. Sorokan, Guzel F. Burkhanova and Igor V. Maksimov
Abstract There is no doubt that the salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in plant defence against pathogens attacks. According to the established opinion, SA induces the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) that is effective defense against numerous biotrophic pathogens that colonize living plant tissue from where they consume nutrients, suppressing their immune response. SAR is largely due to programmed cell death and early oxidative burst in the host cells. In contrast, necrotrophic pathogens do not suffer from cell death and salicylic acid–dependent defenses. SA-induced cell death can promote development of pathogenic structures. Mechanisms of defence against necrotrophs are regulated by another set of defense responses activated by jasmonic acid (JA) and so-called induced systemic resistance (ISR). Literature data indicate that the signals inducing SAR or ISR are strictly individual: SA can antagonize JA signaling and vice versa. Probably, crosstalks between SA and JA help the plant to minimize fitness costs and create a flexible signaling network that allow the plant to regulate its defense responses against invaders. However, there are some data evidencing certain synergy or additive effect of SA on processes attributed to ISR. This article is focused on some aspects of interplay of SA with JA during the establishment of plant resistance to pathogens with different type of nutrition and participation of peroxidases in this process. Keywords Salicylic acid Reactive oxygen species
Jasmonic acid Plant defense PGPR Peroxidase
A. V. Sorokan G. F. Burkhanova I. V. Maksimov (&) Laboratory of the Biochemistry of Plant Immunity, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Oktyabrya 71, Ufa, pr. 450075, Russia e-mail: [email protected]
S. Hayat et al. (eds.), Salicylic Acid, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6428-6_12, Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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1 SA in the Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Level During Pathogenesis In contrast to the influence of abiotic stressors or growth conditions (humidity and temperature) pathogenic attacks aren’t the regular factors. Plants have to balance the costs and potential benefits of investing in defense in an environment where enemy attack is variable. Because they are costly to produce, natural selection is presumed to favor the evolution of inducibility. It means that besides the basic, constitutively maintained level of the resistance to high variety of pathogens ‘‘permanent costs’’, plants evolved specific mechanisms of the resistance against the aggressive forms, triggered by the early detection of the enemy. This priming results in faster and stronger inducer of defense mechanisms after detecting pathogen attack, and this effect can be observed for a long time. In literature, there are reports of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a
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