Scale-dependent environmental filtering of ground-dwelling predators in winter wheat and adjacent set-aside areas in Hun
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Scale-dependent environmental filtering of ground-dwelling predators in winter wheat and adjacent set-aside areas in Hungary Jana Růžičková1 · Ferenc Kádár2 · Ottó Szalkovszki3 · Anikó Kovács‑Hostyánszki4 · András Báldi4,5 · Zoltán Elek1 Received: 5 September 2019 / Accepted: 6 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Agricultural intensification may act as an environmental filter shaping invertebrate assemblages at multiple spatial scales. However, it is not fully understood which scale is the most influential. Therefore, we utilized a hierarchical approach to examine the effect of local management (inorganic fertilization and soil properties; within-field scale), habitat type (winter wheat field and set-aside field; between-field scale) and landscape complexity (landscape scale) on assemblage structure and functional diversity of two important groups of natural enemies, carabids and spiders, in a cultivated lowland landscape in Hungary. Environmental filtering affected natural enemies at different spatial scales; likely as a result of enemies’ different dispersal ability and sensitivity to fertilizer use. Carabids were strongly affected at the within-field scale: positively by soil pH, negatively by soil organic matter and fertilization. At the between-field scale, carabids had higher activity density in the set-aside fields than in the winter wheat fields and simple landscapes enhanced carabids diversity, species richness and activity density at the landscape scale. Spiders were more abundant and species-rich in the set-aside fields than in the winter wheat fields. Although highly mobile (macropterous) carabids might disperse to arable crops from greater distances, while spiders possibly depended more on the proximity of set-aside fields, the winter wheat fields (where pest control should be delivered) were utilized mostly by common agrobiont species. Increasing crop heterogeneity within arable fields could be a potential option to increase the diversity of carabids and spiders in the studied region. Keywords Carabids · Ecological intensification · Fertilizer · Landscape complexity · Natural pest control · Spiders
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-020-00249-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jana Růžičková [email protected] 1
MTA‑ELTE‑MTM Ecology Research Group, Biological Institute, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary
2
Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary
3
Department of Botany, Institute for Plant Diversity, Külsőmező út 15, Tápiószele 2766, Hungary
4
Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Alkotmány utca 2‑4, Vácrátót 2163, Hungary
5
Centre for Ecological Research, GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, Tihany 8237, Hungary
Reduced landscape h
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