School-based epidemiology study of myopia in Tianjin, China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
School-based epidemiology study of myopia in Tianjin, China Jiaxing Wang . Ying Li . Zhenyang Zhao . Nan Wei . Xiaoli Qi . Gang Ding . Xue Li . Jing Li . Linlin Song . Ying Zhang . Richard Hyun Yi . Yuxian Ning . Xiaoyu Zeng . Ning Hua . Xuehan Qian
Received: 5 December 2019 / Accepted: 25 April 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose To study the epidemiology of myopia in school-aged children in Tianjin and the relationship between visual acuity-based screening and refractionbased screening. Method This school-based prospective cohort study was performed on children from 42 elementary schools and 17 middle schools in Tianjin, China. Totally 14,551 children, ages ranging from 5 to 16 years, were included in this study. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was determined by logarithmic tumbling E chart. Non-cycloplegic photorefraction was examined by the Spot (v2.1.4) photoscreener. The
Jiaxing Wang, Ying Li, Zhenyang Zhao, Nan Wei these authors contributed equally to this work
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01400-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. Wang Y. Li Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Z. Zhao Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
relationship between the UCVA and refractive error was investigated for different age groups. Results The overall prevalence of myopia at this school based screen is 78.2%, ranged from 10% at age of 5 to 95% at age of 16. The most dramatic increase in prevalence is from age of 6 (14.8%) to age of 7 (38.5%). The overall prevalence of high myopia is 2.5%. UCVA is found corresponding to spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in a manner of normal distribution and is significantly affected by age. When using UCVA to estimate the prevalence of myopia, the overall sensitivity and specificity are 0.824 and 0.820, respectively. Age-dependent optimal cutoff points and 95% confident intervals of such estimation are reported. Conclusions Myopia is heavily affecting schoolaged children in Tianjin, China. The refraction screening is preferable for myopia screening, whereas the UCVA screening results need to be interpreted in an age-dependent manner for myopia estimation.
N. Wei X. Qi G. Ding X. Li J. Li L. Song Y. Zhang Y. Ning X. Zeng N. Hua X. Qian (&) Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 200284, China e-mail: [email protected] R. H. Yi Medical College of Georgia, University of Georgia Health Sciences, Athens, GA, USA
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Int Ophthalmol
Keywords Myopia Epidemiology Children Refractive error Visual acuity Photoscreen
Background With rapidly increasing prevalence in the past few decades, myopia is becoming a major health issue around the world and is heavily affecting East Asia [1]. Epidemiological studies of myopia a
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