Occurrences, Retention and Risk Assessments of PAHs in Beidagang Wetland in Tianjin, China
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Occurrences, Retention and Risk Assessments of PAHs in Beidagang Wetland in Tianjin, China Naili Wang1,2 · Jinmei Wang1,2 · Yanying Li2 · Meinang Xing2 · Bin Zhou2 · Xun Li3 · Xiuxian Li3 · Wenliang Kong3 · Laixing Ding1 · Honglei Liu2 Received: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Coastal wetlands are the last barriers for pollutants from land to the sea. In this study, a coastal wetland that locates in the lower reach of Haihe River Systems was selected to speculate the removal and retention of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by analyzing their spatial distributions and the changes of composition. The results showed that the overall removal efficiency of PAHs in water phase was 58.1%. There was an accumulation for sedimentary PAHs, reaching 431 ng/g (181 ng/g in the inlet). The compositions of sedimentary PAHs were also changed, high-molecular-weight PAHs were the main component (70−50%), with a steady decreasing trend and the influence of water flow direction. The risk assessment by mean effect range media quotients (M-ERM-Qs) depicted that there was in low ecological risk, due to the degradation of PAHs in the wetlands. Our results clearly demonstrated the coastal wetlands could effectively retain the PAHs, thus we recommend an active protection strategy for the coast wetlands in Tianjin in the future. Keywords Coastal wetlands · PAHs · Removal · Sediments · Ecological risks The coastal wetland is an important landscape in the coastal area, which is considered as the last barrier for pollutants from land to the sea (Zheng et al. 2002; Hao et al. 2020). It always provides an excellent habitat for water birds, fish, and other wild animals (Jung et al. 2020), such as the wetlands in Tianjin which is a key site on the birds’ migration routes in Northeast Asia (Gu et al. 2020). Thus, the health of the wetland is essential not only to the local society, but also to the global ecosystem (Lin et al. 2018; Balgobin and Singh 2019). As it locates in the downstream of Haihe River Basin in North China where water scarcity is acute, most of the water flowing into the coastal wetlands in Tianjin is directly or indirectly (via rivers) from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs) (Pernet-Coudrier et al. 2012; Zhu et al. 2016). * Honglei Liu [email protected] 1
Tianjin Huanke Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
2
Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, 17th Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
3
Tianjin Beidagang Wetland Nature Reserve Management Center, Tianjin 300191, China
The traditional treatment processes in the WWTPs were generally focused on the removals of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, ineffective for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Therefore, the effluent from WWTPs is becoming the major source for PAHs entering the rivers in Beijing and Tianjin (Qi et al. 2013; Qiao et al. 2014). Most of the water that supplies to the coastal wetla
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