Scientists in the Classroom The Cold War Reconstruction of American
During the 1950s, leading American scientists embarked on an unprecedented project to remake high school science education. Dissatisfaction with the 'soft' school curriculum of the time advocated by the professional education establishment, and concern ov
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John L. Rudolph
SCIENTISTS IN THE CLASSROOM
© John L. Rudolph, 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published 2002 by PALGRAVETM 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE is the new global publishing imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd. (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd.). ISBN 978-1-349-38793-9 DOI 10.1057/9780230107366
ISBN 978-0-230-10736-6 (eBook)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rudolph, John L., 1964Scientists in the classroom : the cold war reconstruction of American science education / John L. Rudolph. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Science—study and teaching—United States—History—20th century. I. Title. Q183.3 A1 R83 2002 507’.1’0730904—dc21 2001028508 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Letra Libre, Inc. First edition: May 2002 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
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PRAISE FOR JOHN L. RUDOLPH’S SCIENTISTS IN THE CLASSROOM:
“ . . . absorbing . . . I wish everyone engaged in science curriculum development and those who study the history of curriculum and the history of science would read this book. It provides fresh insights into a complex phenomenon.” —Angelo Collins, Executive Director, Knowles Science Teaching Foundation “Scientists in the Classroom is a stunning revision of our understanding of educational policy making and public school reform after World War II. Eschewing conspiratorial notions of a corrupt alliance between scientists and the military-industrial complex, John L. Rudolph deftly uncovers the motivations and influence of the physicists and biologists who reshaped the high school science curriculum during the Cold War era. And he sets this fascinating story on a grand stage, populated with cold warriors, politicians, and reformminded academics, amid an array of competing interest groups during the 1950s and 1960s. We live in an age when the role of the federal government in educational reform in general remains contested, and when national security concerns in particular are preeminent and no less controversial. Scientists in the Classroom imaginatively recreates how the post-war generation of scientists, educators, and federal policy makers brought the Cold War into the classroom, with often unanticipated consequences.” —William J. Reese, Professor of Educational Policy Studies & of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison
This book is dedicated with love and appreciation to Jenifer, Audrey, and Lydia
CONTENTS
Preface Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Conclusion
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Ideology and Education The State of Science in America NSF, Education, and National Security Wartime Techniques for Cold War Education PSSC: Engineering Rati
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