Searching for Smart Durable Coatings to Promote Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Growth While Preventing Biofilm Formation
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Searching for Smart Durable Coatings to Promote Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Growth While Preventing Biofilm Formation Fereydoon Namavar1, John D. Jackson2, J. Graham Sharp3, Ethan E. Mann2, Kenneth Bayles2, Barry Chin Li Cheung4, Connie A.. Feschuk1, Shailaja Varma1, Hani Haider1, and Kevin L. Garvin1 1 Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981080 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198 2 Dept of Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985360 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198 3 Dept. of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985360 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5360 4 Dept of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 514A Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588 ABSTRACT There is a great need to develop methods to regulate cellular growth in order to enhance or prevent cell proliferation, as needed, to either improve health or prevent disease. In this work we evaluated the adhesion, survival and growth of bone marrow stromal cells on the surface of several new ion beam engineered nano-crystals of ceramic hard coatings such as zirconium, titanium, tantalum and cerium oxides. Cell adhesion and growth on the ceramic coatings were compared to adhesion and growth on a nano-crystalline silver coating which is known to possess antibacterial properties. The initial results of a study to determine the effect of nanocrystalline titanium and silver coating on staphylococcus aureus biofilm growth is also discussed. INTRODUCTION Joint replacement for arthritic joints is a successful procedure to relieve pain and increase function. For example, in 2005 over 249,000 Americans underwent hip replacement and 488,000 had knee replacements [1]. Shoulders, wrists, and even spinal discs are also being replaced more frequently than ever before. And in the future, we will see a massive increase in all of these joint replacements as the 37 million baby boomers age. Kurtz et al [1] predict that by 2010 hip and knee replacements will number over one million and by 2030 we will see 4.5 million annually. This is an increase of over 400 percent from the present figures. Most artificial prostheses employ a combination of titanium or cobalt-chrome metallic components combined with various types of plastic. There have been dramatic improvements in the quality and lifespan of such implants with a corresponding decreased incidence of complications. Typically, in regards to orthopedic devices, the primary concerns are wear [2] infection [3,4], and failure of biointegration [5,6]. Wear of the plastic component produces micro particles that cause an immunological response and adjacent bone resorption [2]. Infection, although less common, is devastating to the patient and costly to the health care system [3,4]. Failure of osseointegration of the prosthesis prevents long-term stability which contributes to pain [6], implant loosening [6], and infection [5] that usually necessitates revision. To prevent these complications, prostheses of the future
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