Selective adsorption of palladium and platinum from secondary wastewater using Escherichia coli BL21 and Providencia ver
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RESEARCH PAPER
Selective adsorption of palladium and platinum from secondary wastewater using Escherichia coli BL21 and Providencia vermicola Ling Tan1,2 · Haiyan Wu1,2 · Hao Cui3 · Hang Xu1,2 · Meiying Xu4 · Yong Xiao1,2 · Guanzhou Qiu1,2 · Xinxing Liu1,2 · Haigang Dong3 · Jianping Xie1,2 Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract It is important to recover precious metals from secondary wastewater because of their low crustal abundance. The selective adsorption of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) ions from secondary wastewater, which contains a large amount aluminium and sodium ions, was investigated using Escherichia coli BL21 (BL21), genetically modified E. coli BL21 (EC20) and Providencia vermicola (P. V.). The results demonstrated that P.V., BL21 and EC20 cells took 95.9%, 88.2% and 97.5% of Pd ions, and 64.8%, 93.2% and 100% of Pt ions form industrial wastewater, respectively. All three bacterial biomass could be reused for Pd adsorption with a second adsorption efficiency of > 85%, specifically, the EC20 cells could absorb 93.8% of Pd ions from wastewater. SEM–EDS and XPS analyses confirmed the occurrence of Pd and Pt on the surface of wastewater-absorbed biomass. The shift in FTIR spectrum implied that functional groups, such as hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl and phosphate groups, were involved in wastewater adsorption. Keywords Bacterial biomass · Palladium · Platinum · Adsorption · Wastewater Abbreviations BL21 cells Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells EC20 cells E. coli BL21 cells with EC20 protein displayed P.V. cells Providencia vermicola
Ling Tan and Haiyan Wu contributed equally to this work. * Jianping Xie [email protected] 1
School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
2
Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
3
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming 650106, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
4
State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, People’s Republic of China
Introduction The mechanical, physical and catalytic properties of platinum group metals (PGMs), such as palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru) and rhodium (Rh), have led to an increase in their use regarding to refining, electronics, dentistry and catalysis [1]. For example, they are important components of catalytic converters for various chemical reactions, including the degradation of nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons in exhaust emissions of cars and trucks [2]. The imbalance between demand and supply will exacerbate in the future because of exhaust emission limitation in automobile industry according to the World Platinum Investment Council and Schmidt [3–5]. However, the crustal abundance of
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