Selective Cytotoxicities of Red-Allotrope Selenium Nanoparticles and Polyethylene Glycol Towards Head and Neck Squamous
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Selective Cytotoxicities of Red-Allotrope Selenium Nanoparticles and Polyethylene Glycol Towards Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Comparison to Human Dermal Fibroblasts Christopher Hassan1 and Thomas J. Webster1,2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 2 Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Contact Author: Thomas J. Webster [email protected] 617-373-2989 Abstract Given their low toxicity and natural presence in the human diet, selenium nanoparticles have been established as potential candidates for the treatment of numerous cancers. In this study, red-allotrope selenium nanoparticles (rSeNPs) were synthesized and characterized. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cell lines were cultured and exposed to rSeNPs at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100μg rSeNP/mL media for one to three days. The cytotoxicity of rSeNP towards HNSCC and HDF was analyzed. Results indicated that the particles were approximately four times as cytotoxic toward HNSCC compared to HDF, with their respective IC50 values at 19.22 and 59.61μg rSeNP/mL media. Using statistical analysis, an effective dosage range for killing HNSCC cells while simultaneously minimizing damage to HDF over a three-day incubation was established as 20 to 55μg rSeNP/mL media. Such results indicate that rSeNPs are a potential option for treating HNSCC. Due to its ability to minimize nanoparticle agglomeration, making a it a candidate with which to functionalize selenium, similar assays were performed using poly(ethylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 200g/mol (PEG200), with results indicating that only a slight cytotoxic effect exists for HNSCC and almost no effect for HDF. Introduction With approximately 540,000 new cases occurring annually worldwide and a mortality rate of fifty percent, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to be an extremely difficult cancer to treat, let alone cure.1 Although patients in the United States tend to receive the best forms of HNSCC treatment available, survival rates remain low at less than five years,2 with locoregional reoccurrence following surgical removal of primary tumors or radiation therapy being quite common.3, The disease is most commonly found in middle-aged men who have histories of heavy smoking or tobacco usage and excessive alcohol consumption.4, However, recent studies have shown that it has an unusually high rate of occurrence in young women, many of whom have had no obvious risk factors. However, a possible causal link between HNSCC and human papillomavirus (HPV) has been observed.5, Genetic analysis of the disease has shown the most likely causes to be the loss of chromosomal region 9p21, which encodes transcripts p14ARF and p16, both of which regulate the cell growth cycle and mediate the degradation of p53 proteins.6 Wild-type p53 is responsible for regulating cell proliferation via the induction of apoptosis when cell stresses are too g
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