Selective uptake of Ag(I) from aqueous solutions using ionic liquid-modified iron oxide nanoparticles
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RESEARCH PAPER
Selective uptake of Ag(I) from aqueous solutions using ionic liquid-modified iron oxide nanoparticles Abiodun D. Aderibigbe & Richard A. Crane & Martin R. Lees & Andrew J. Clark
Received: 5 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Surface functionalized magnetic nanoparticles represent a potentially highly valuable new suite of technologies for the selective recovery of metals from the aqueous phase, due to their ability to be manipulated and then recovered using an externally applied magnetic field. Ionic liquids are ideal candidates for such surface functionalization for a range of reasons, including their enhanced selectivity, low water consumption, and high chemical stability. Herein the removal of Ag+ onto [MTESPIm]+[Cl]− on Fe3O4@SiO2 has been investigated as a function of pH, exposure time, nanosorbent concentration, and type of stripping agent. The Ag+ A. D. Aderibigbe (*) : A. J. Clark Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK e-mail: [email protected] R. A. Crane Camborne School of Mines, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK R. A. Crane Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK M. R. Lees Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Present Address: A. D. Aderibigbe Chemistry Department, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
removal was recorded to fit the Langmuir isotherm indicating monolayer formation, with a saturation capacity of 23.69 mg/g. Optimum conditions for the selective removal of Ag+ in preference to Cu2+ and Pb2+ were recorded at pH 3, exposure time ranging between 0 and 15 min, and at the highest nanosorbent dose tested (80 mg nanosorbent/10 mL of adsorbate solution) Moreover, thiourea outperformed both HNO3 and HCl for the stripping of sorbed Ag+, with optimum efficacy at 0.6 M. Overall, the results indicate that [MTESPIm]+[Cl]− on Fe3O4@SiO2 is a highly adaptable and efficient agent for the selective recovery of Ag from the aqueous phase.
Keywords Selective silver recovery . Ionic liquid . Iron oxide nanoparticle . Surface functionalization . Soft donor
Introduction As the global population continues to expand, demand for modern products and services which use silver (Ag), including electronic equipment, catalysis, antibacterial agents, jewelry, water filtration media, etc., will almost certainly continue to increase (Sahan et al. 2019; Taillades and Sarradin 2004; Butterman and Hilliard 2005). Moreover, Ag is listed within the EU 27 critical raw materials, and currently exhibits an “end-of-life recycling input rate” of only ~ 14% (Butterman and Hilliard 2005). Therefore, in order to overcome this
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urgent and burgeoning problem, new technology is required for the enhanced recovery of Ag from our waste materials and end-of-life products (Avarmaa et al. 2019). A key
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