Decolorization of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using biosurfactant-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles: pro
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Decolorization of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using biosurfactant‑stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles: process optimization and reaction kinetics B. Sharma1 · S. Menon1 · S. Mathur1 · N. Kumari2 · V. Sharma1 Received: 12 April 2020 / Revised: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract This study elaborates an expeditious and efficient dye decolorization process of a widely used textile dye malachite green by green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) without application of any adjuvant, catalyst and/or variation in environmental conditions. The reaction was concentration dependent, and its kinetics was of the mixed-order type. The kinetics were analyzed to show that a dye concentration of 0.1 mg/ml and IONPs at a concentration of 2.4 × 1011 particles/ml were ideal to achieve 93.77 ± 0.12% decolorization almost instantaneously in 1.5 min. The IONPs were synthesized using extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) that showed biosurfactant activity and was secreted by the bacterium Alcaligenes sp. They were evident as a sharp peak obtained at 418 nm. The nanoparticles were of size 176.69 ± 5 nm as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The influence of various parameters for synthesis was optimized by response surface methodology. They were found to be as follows: pH 13, temperature 70 °C, FeCl3 concentration 2 mM and incubation time of 2 h. The EPS was characterized biochemically and shown to display surfactant and emulsifier properties, thereby making it a useful multifunctional polymer. These results offer a viable, efficient and environment friendly solution to bio-remediate dye from textile industry effluents before its release into the environment.
Editorial responsibility: R Saravanan. B. Sharma and S. Mathur have contributed equally to this work. * V. Sharma [email protected] 1
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH‑11C, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303002, India
Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
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13
Vol.:(0123456789)
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Graphic abstract
Keywords Kinetics · Malachite green · Iron oxide nanoparticles · Bioremediation · Optimization · Response surface methodology
Introduction One of the targets of sustainable development (SD)—Goal 6 (2016) of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)—is to improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping, minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse of treated water globally by 2030. The concern for industrial waste water treatment is rising tremendously because out of total water present globally, only 0.003% is unpolluted (United States Geological Survey 2013). Textile industry is a voracious consumer of water using 200 L water to produce 1 kg of textile fabrics (Ananthashankar 2013
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