Separation/Preconcentration and Determination of Lead(II) in Drinking, Spring and Lake Water Samples
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Separation/Preconcentration and Determination of Lead(II) in Drinking, Spring and Lake Water Samples Erdal Kendüzlera, Merve Duman Dinça, Diğdem Traka, Burcu Kabaka, and Yasin Arslanb, * aChemistry
Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15030 Turkey Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15030 Turkey *e-mail: [email protected]
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Received April 27, 2018; revised July 12, 2018; accepted April 17, 2020
Abstract—Pb(II) ions were separated/preconcentrated and detected by a two-step preconcentration method (Amberlite CG-120 resin and slotted quartz tube (SQT) flame atomic absorption). The first preconcentration step was the adsorption of Pb(II) on Amberlite CG-120 resin in the drinking, spring and lake water samples before detection and then its elution using 5 mL of 3 M nitric acid. The second preconcentration step was conducted using SQT device with flame atomic absorption detection. Using a two-step preconcentration method, enrichment factor of 560 was found and detection and quantitation limits were 0.23 and 0.8 μg/L, respectively. The accuracy of the method was tested by analysis of standard reference material (Environmental Matrix Reference Material, Lake Water, TMDA-70.2) at a 95% confidence level. Keywords: lead, solid phase extraction, Amberlite CG-120, flame atomic absorption, slotted quartz tube, two-step preconcentration DOI: 10.1134/S1061934820100081
In general, heavy metals can be accumulated in plants, animals and human body. Therefore, they are considered as a significant environmental problem [1]. Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Some industrial movements such as battery, pigment manufacturing, paperboard mill, pulp, industrial ammunition and coal burning caused environmental pollution by lead [2]. Excessive intake of Pb caused some problems such as in the synthesis of hemoglobin, acute or chronic harm to the nervous system and negatively affected the kidneys, digestive system, joints, reproductive system [3]. The World Health Organization detected the limit of lead daily intake as 25 ng/g of body weight [4]. In principle, permissible limit of lead in water is 15 μg/L according to European Protection Agency. Lead and its compounds can lead to damaging influences on the metabolic activity of human being even at low concentrations. For this reason, its determination at trace level is significant throughout the World [5]. Lead can be determined by different instrumental methods such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [6, 7], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry [8], inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy [9] and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [10]. Among them, FAAS is the currently popular method for trace-element determination because of its low cost, high speed, ease
of operation and selectivity. On the other hand, a direct determination of some elements in real samples by FAAS is often difficult because of its l
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