Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among reproductive-aged women in Myanmar and evaluation of luciferase immunoprecipitatio
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among reproductive-aged women in Myanmar and evaluation of luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay Khin Myo Aye1,2, Eiji Nagayasu2*, Myat Htut Nyunt1, Ni Ni Zaw1, Kyaw Zin Thant1, Myat Phone Kyaw1 and Haruhiko Maruyama2
Abstract Backgrounds: Primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy can pose serious health problems for the fetus. However, the epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis among reproductive-aged population in Myanmar is largely unknown. Although luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assays for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis was developed mostly using mouse infection model, had not been tested by using field-derived human samples. Methods: A total of 251 serum samples were collected from reproductive-aged women, residing in Shwegyin township, Bago region, Myanmar and analyzed with a commercial ELISA kit, as well as in-house LIPS assays. Results: The overall seroprevalence for Toxoplasma gondii infection by the commercial ELISA was 11.5%. No clear risk factor was identified except for being in the younger age group (15–30 years old). Overall, LIPS assays showed low sensitivity when the commercial ELSA was used as a reference test. Conclusion: We identified the epidemiological situation of toxoplasmosis in some rural communities in Myanmar. The data obtained here will serve as a primary information for the effort to reduce toxoplasmosis in this region. Although looked promising in the previous experiments with mouse infection model, we found that the reported LIPS procedures need further improvements to increase the sensitivities. Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Luciferase immunoprecipitation system, Nanoluciferase, Recombinant antigen, Enzyme-linked immunoassay, Myanmar
Background Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Between 30 and 50% of the global human population is thought to be infected by this protozoan pathogen [1]. Humans can be infected through accidental ingestion of oocysts excreted from infected cats, or by eating raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cysts [2]. Acute * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
toxoplasmosis in most cases is asymptomatic and T. gondii can persist in host tissues by forming bradyzoites. In AIDS patients, Toxoplasma encephalitis is one of the most common brain lesions, which is lethal if left untreated [3]. Primary infection in pregnant women with T. gondii can lead to congenital toxoplasmosis [4]. Based on a recent metaanalysis, it was estimated that the transmission rates of Toxoplasma infection from acutely infected pregnant women to fetus are 5, 13 and 32%, if exposure was in 1st, 2nd or 3rd trimester, respectively [5]. If congenital transmission is confirmed, treatment with anti-parasitic drugs
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