SiC Nanoparticle Composite Anode for Li-Ion Batteries
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SiC Nanoparticle Composite Anode for Li-Ion Batteries Masaharu Shiratani1, Kunihiro Kamataki2, Giichiro Uchida3, Kazunori Koga1, Hyunwoong Seo1, Naho Itagaki1,4, and Tatsumi Ishihara5 1
Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. 2 Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. 3 Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan. 4 PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan. 5 Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. ABSTRACT We present here performance of Li ion batteries with SiC nanoparticle-film anode, which is fabricated by a double multi-hollow discharge plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The first cycle of charge/discharge property of the Li ion battery with the SiC nanoparticle-film anode shows a high capacity of over 4,000 mAh/g, which is 12 times higher than the Li ion battery with the conventional graphite anode. The discharge capacity shows high stability for first 10th cycle, and is 3750 mAh/g for the 10th cycle. INTRODUCTION Li ion batteries are developed as a promising power source for portable electronics, hybrid electrical vehicles and electric vehicles. Increasing the capacity of Li ion battery anodes is attractive route to lower battery weight and volume. Lithium ion batteries with nano-structured electrodes significantly improve the charge/discharge capability [1-22]. There has been increasing in using nano-materials for advanced lithium-ion battery anode, particularly for increasing the energy density by using high specific capacity materials. An attractive alternative material for the graphite anode is silicon, large due to its wide abundance and order of magnitude higher charge storage capacity (theoretical values of 4200 mAh/g for silicon vs 372 mAh/g for graphite). However, the insertion of lithium into silicon to form the fully lithiated silicide Li4.4Si is associated with a large volume change of > 300%, which can cause the material to pulverize and lose contact with the current collector, resulting in a decrease in charge storage capacity over time. Intense research activities are currently undertaken in the field of carbon-silicon composite to overcome the silicon related above-mentioned problems. In this paper, we report deposition of SiC nanoparticle composite films by using a multihollow discharge plasma CVD method, where the carbon matrixes around Si nanoparticles are used to buffer the volume expansion of Si nanoparticles in the films. We have already succeeded in producing Si nanoparticles using a multi-hollow discharge plasma CVD, and in controlling their size and structure by gas pressure and hydrogen dilution ratio in SiH4/H2 discharges [23-36]. The multi-hollow plasma CVD method has an advantage of growing Si nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. First, we present results of SiC nanoparticle films deposited by using SiH4
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