Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Hypertrophy
In a number of pathological conditions such as hypertension, valvular disease, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathy, postnatal cardiomyocytes undergo cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart’s response to increased biomechanical stress,
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Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Hypertrophy Man Li, Nan Wang, Wenjing Liu, Xin Zhi and Tong-Cun Zhang
Abstract In a number of pathological conditions such as hypertension, valvular disease, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathy, postnatal cardiomyocytes undergo cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart’s response to increased biomechanical stress, which is accompanied by activation of a fetal gene program, assembly of sarcomeres, and cellular enlargement. Prolonged hypertrophy is a major predictor of heart failure and sudden death. Identification of the signaling molecules is necessary for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse the disease. Recent researches have found that there were different signaling pathways activated in cardiac hypertrophy, but the molecular mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy is not completely elucidated so far. In this review, we summarize recent insights into hypertrophic signaling pathways. Keywords Hypertrophy
Signaling molecules Signaling pathways
173.1 Introduction Cardiac hypertrophy is an important phase in heart disease development. In a number of pathological conditions such as hypertension, valvular disease, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathy, postnatal cardiomyocytes undergo cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart’s response to increased biomechanical stress which is accompanied by activation of a fetal gene program, M. Li N. Wang W. Liu X. Zhi T.-C. Zhang (&) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] M. Li N. Wang W. Liu X. Zhi T.-C. Zhang Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China
T.-C. Zhang et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Applied Biotechnology (ICAB 2012), Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 251, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37925-3_173, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
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assembly of sarcomeres, and cellular enlargement. Hypertrophic growth after acute and chronic stress may initially augment cardiac output, but prolonged hypertrophy is a major predictor of heart failure and sudden death [1]. During the past years, the signaling mechanisms leading to cardiac hypertrophy have been intensively investigated. There were different signaling pathways activated in cardiac hypertrophy, for example, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway, Ca2+ dependent signal transduction pathway, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K)/Akt signal transduction pathway, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signal transduction pathway, etc. It is believed to be mediated by signaling molecules that transduce the stress signals from the environment into different cellular compartments. Specific transcription factors such as myocyte enhancer factor 2 MEF2, GATA4, nuclear factor
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