Simple Fabrication of Water Harvesting Surfaces Using Three-Dimensional Printing Technology
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Simple Fabrication of Water Harvesting Surfaces Using ThreeDimensional Printing Technology Sanghu Han1 · Jaebum Sung1 · Hongyun So1,2 Received: 21 May 2020 / Revised: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 © Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2020
Abstract A biomimetic surface for water collection was successfully engineered using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The fused deposition modeling-type 3D printing was used to create a reusable mold. This was used to cast waveform microstructures on a hydrophobic polymer surface, which was induced by using stacked filaments. The etching was performed on the printed mold by using a chemical solvent to generate nano/micro pores, which enhanced the rolling-off motion of water droplets. To create a hydrophilic region on the hydrophobic surface, the metal deposition was achieved using a 3D-printed mask and the self-masking effect of the tilted tips of waveform microstructures. The metal array served as seeding points for the growth of water droplets in foggy conditions. As a result, the fabricated biomimetic surface exhibited the highest watercollecting performance (average 0.77 g for 10 min) compared with the other four different surfaces. This study demonstrates the use of 3D printing technology to rapidly and simply fabricate engineered (hybrid) surfaces for various applications involving facile control of wettability. Keywords 3D printing · Biomimetic surface · Water harvesting · Hybrid patterns · Rapid manufacturing
1 Introduction The manufacturing of functional surfaces has emerged for various applications in bioengineering, mechanical, material, and chemical engineering [1–4]. Among a wide variety of functional surfaces, hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces have widely been characterized to control the wettability. In general, when the water contact angle (WCA) on a solid surface is less than 90°, the surface property is considered to exhibit hydrophilicity [5]. Hydrophilic surfaces have widely been used in biomedical devices [6], surface-tosurface bonding [7], and dye adsorption [8]. Hydrophobic surfaces have a WCA greater than 90° and have recently emerged as promising surfaces for deicing [9], self-cleaning [10], frictional drag reduction [11], and corrosion resistance [12]. To combine the advantages of both hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, surfaces with coexisting hydrophilic and * Hongyun So [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
2
hydrophobic regions can provide more specialized functions such as desalination [13], liquid manipulation [14], self-assembly [15], water collection [4, 16–18], and drug delivery [19]. Consequently, research on the development and manufacturing of hydrophilic/hydrophobic (or hybrid) surfaces has garnered significant interest and has been actively conducted during the past decade. The manufacturi
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