Simulating Opportunistic Networks with OMNeT++
In this chapter, we focus on how to simulate Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) in OMNeT++ . After defining what OppNets are and how they are different from other networking concepts, we detail, one by one, the necessary models for simulating them, such as
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Simulating Opportunistic Networks with OMNeT++ Asanga Udugama, Anna Förster, Jens Dede, and Vishnupriya Kuppusamy
14.1 Introduction and Motivation Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) are defined as “the set of applications and services running on end user devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets and similar digital devices) that use direct communication opportunities to exchange information with each other” [3]. They are generally motivated on one side from human gossiping and on the other side from unavailability of traditional infrastructurebased communications. In the next paragraphs, we present a short overview of what OppNets are and describe how to simulate them with OMNeT++.
14.1.1 What are Opportunistic Networks? OppNets are used in a number of application areas ranging from communications during disasters to social networking. They operate on any device-to-device communication technology such as Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15.4. A key component of a node in OppNets is the forwarding (i.e., data dissemination) protocol used to propagate information in networks. There are a number of such protocols developed by researchers to efficiently disseminate information throughout a network [21, 23, 24]. Figure 14.1 shows an example use case of OppNets. A fire breaks out at a shop in the middle of the city center. The visitors and shoppers who are present at that location see this emergency and quickly move away. The smart devices of
A. Udugama · A. Förster · J. Dede () · V. Kuppusamy Sustainable Communication Networks, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 A. Virdis, M. Kirsche (eds.), Recent Advances in Network Simulation, EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12842-5_14
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Building Visitor
Emergency service worker
City Center
time Intensity of the fire
Direction of messages
Fig. 14.1 Dissemination of information in an emergency using OppNets
these people propagate information related to this emergency over OppNets. This information reaches the emergency service workers who are then able to respond to the emergency.
14.1.2 OppNets Simulation Requirements OppNets can be considered similar to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANETs), or Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). However, they have special requirements and properties, which hinders the use of existing simulation platforms or frameworks. For example, they largely depend on human mobility, which is not covered at all in WSNs and only partially in MANETs or VANETs. Furthermore, the OppNets community has developed a large suite of data forwarding protocols, which are not used nor implemented for other systems. This makes it necessary to design a dedicated simulation framework for OppNets. The main requirements towards simulation are the following: • Human mobility models that realistically model the behavio
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