Simulation in Surgical Trauma Training
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SURGICAL EDUCATION (S TISHERMAN, SECTION EDITOR)
Simulation in Surgical Trauma Training Katherine Kelley1 • Habeeba Park1
Published online: 3 June 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Simulation is an important part of surgical trauma training with continued advancement in techniques and incorporation of these techniques into established education methods. This review details ways in which simulation is used in current surgical trauma training. Recent Findings There have been new developments in specific simulation techniques used in existing training programs. Additionally, there is ongoing development of more advanced simulation utilizing virtual reality training. Summary Simulation is incorporated in surgical trauma training in a variety of ways. It is used for specific surgical techniques, it is included in several national trauma courses, it is used for team training, and it is used to teach communication skills. There are continued advances being made in the area of surgical trauma simulation including the use of virtual reality. Keywords Trauma Simulation Education Training Surgery
Introduction ‘‘See one, do one, teach one.’’ This adage dominated medical training particularly in the surgical arena for many years. In 1999, the Institute of Medicine report ‘‘To Err is Human’’ brought increased attention to the problem of medical errors [1]. In the intervening few decades, there have been concerns about the rate of medical errors and the way in which surgical training contributes to these errors. Simulation has been utilized as a way for trainees to practice without compromising patient care. In trauma, simulation is used across the breadth of training, from specific surgical techniques to the development of interpersonal communication skills.
Simulation of Isolated Techniques There are several techniques that are essential in the management of a trauma patient. These include tube thoracostomy, cricothyroidotomy, central line placement, and intubation. All of these techniques were originally taught through observation of patient care and direct application of skills in patient care scenarios, but are now able to be simulated effectively. Tube Thoracostomy
This article is part of the Topical collection on Surgical Education. & Habeeba Park [email protected] 1
RA Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Chest tube placement can be simulated using a human manikin and has been shown to improve student’s confidence when compared to a porcine model [2]. Traditionally, the model has been a cadaver, which carries similar risk of student injury, transmission of blood-borne disease, and additional issues of resource availability. Additional chest tube simulation models have been developed
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including those able to be made more cheaply and more easily accessible using animal tissue models, such as chicken breasts and skin or lamb chest walls [3, 4]. Cricothyroi
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